Admiral David Dixon Porter in the Civil War

Chief of naval operations David Dixon Porter in the Civil War David Dixon Porter - Early Life: Conceived at Chester, PA on June 8, 1813, David Dixon Porter was the child of Commodore David Porter and his significant other Evalina. Delivering ten kids, the Porters had likewise embraced the youthful James (later David) Glasgow Farragut in 1808 after the young men mother had supported Porters father. A saint of the War of 1812, Commodore Porter left the US Navy in 1824 and after two years acknowledged order of the Mexican Navy. Voyaging south with his dad, youthful David Dixon was designated a sailor and saw administration on board a few Mexican vessels. David Dixon Porter - Joining the US Navy: In 1828, Porter cruised on board the brig Guerrero (22 weapons) to assault Spanish transportation off Cuba. Directed by his cousin, David Henry Porter, Guerrero was caught by the Spanish frigate Lealtad (64). In the activity, the senior Porter was murdered and a while later David Dixon was taken to Havana as a prisoner. Before long traded, he came back to his dad in Mexico. Reluctant to additionally chance his children life, Commodore Porter sent him back to the United States where his granddad, Congressman William Anderson, had the option to make sure about him a midshipmans warrant in the US Navy on February 2, 1829. David Dixon Porter - Early Career: Because of his time in Mexico, the youthful Porter had more understanding than a significant number of his sailor peers and the lesser officials above him. This reproduced a recklessness and pomposity than prompted conflicts with his bosses. In spite of the fact that about excused from the administration, he demonstrated a proficient sailor. In June 1832, he cruised on board the leader of Commodore David Patterson, USS United States. For the voyage, Patterson had set out his family and Porter before long started seeking his girl, George Ann. Coming back to the United States, he finished his lieutenants test in June 1835. David Dixon Porter - Mexican-American War: Alloted to the Coast Survey, he spared adequate assets to permit him to wed George Ann in March 1839.â The couple would at last have six youngsters, four children and two little girls, that made due to adulthood. Elevated to lieutenant in March 1841, he quickly served in the Mediterranean before being requested to the Hydrographic Office. In 1846, Porter was dispatched on a mystery strategic the Republic of Santo Domingo to survey the new countries steadiness and to scout areas for a maritime base around the Bay of Semana. Returning in June, he discovered that the Mexican-American War had started. Relegated as the principal lieutenant of the sidewheel gunboat USS Spitfire, Porter served under Commander Josiah Tattnall. Working in the Gulf of Mexico, Spitfire was available during the arrival of Major General Winfield Scotts armed force in March 1847. With the military getting ready to lay attack to Veracruz, Commodore Matthew Perrys armada moved to assault the citys toward the ocean resistances. Knowing the zone from his days in Mexico, the evening of March 22/23 Porter took a little vessel and mapped a channel into the harbor. The following morning, Spitfire and a few different vessels utilized Porters channel to run into the harbor to assault the protections. Despite the fact that this disregarded requests that Perry had given, he acclaimed his subordinates intensity. That June, Porter participated in Perrys assault on Tabasco. Driving a unit of mariners, he prevailing with regards to catching one of the posts safeguarding the town. In remuneration, he was provided order of Spitfire for the rest of the war. In spite of the fact that his first order, he considered little to be activity as the war moved inland. Looking to improve his insight into rising steam innovation, he disappeared from nonappearance in 1849 and instructed a few mail liners. Returning in 1855, he was provided order of the storeship USS Supply. This obligation saw him utilized in a plan to carry camels to the US for use by the US Army in the Southwest. Coming aground in 1857, Porter held a few situations before being selected to the Coast Survey in 1861. David Dixon Porter - Civil War: Before Porter could leave, the Civil War started. Drawn nearer by Secretary of State William Seward and Captain Montgomery Meigs, US Army, Porter was provided order USS Powhatan (16) and dispatched on a mystery strategic fortify Fort Pickens at Pensacola, FL. This crucial a triumph and was an illustrative demonstration of his dependability to the Union. Elevated to administrator on April 22, he was sent to bar the mouth of the Mississippi River. That November, he started supporting for an assault on New Orleans. This pushed ahead the accompanying spring with Farragut, presently a banner official, in order. Appended to his cultivate siblings group, Porter was set in order of a flotilla of mortar pontoons. Pushing forward on April 18, 1862, Porters mortars barraged Forts Jackson and St. Philip. Despite the fact that he accepted that two days of terminating would lessen the two works, little harm was caused after five. Reluctant to stand by any more, Farragut ran past the fortresses on April 24 and caught the city. Staying by the fortifications, Porter constrained their acquiescence on April 28. Moving upstream, he helped Farragut in assaulting Vicksburg before being requested east in July. David Dixon Porter - Mississippi River: His arrival toward the East Coast demonstrated brief as he was before long elevated straightforwardly to raise chief of naval operations and put in order of the Mississippi River Squadron that October. Taking order, he was entrusted with helping Major General John McClernand in opening the upper Mississippi. Moving south, they were joined by troops drove by Major General William T. Sherman. In spite of the fact that Porter came to loathe McClernand, he shaped a solid, enduring companionship with Sherman. At McClernands course, the power assaulted and caught Fort Hindman (Arkansas Post) in January 1863. Joining with Major General Ulysses S. Award, Porter was next entrusted with supporting Union activities against Vicksburg. Working intimately with Grant, Porter prevailing with regards to running the vast majority of his armada past Vicksburg the evening of April 16. Six evenings later he ran an armada of transports past the citys weapons also. Having collected an enormous maritime power south of the city, he had the option to move and bolster Grants tasks against Grand Gulf and Bruinsburg. As the battle advanced, Porters gunboats guaranteed that Vicksburg stayed cut off from support by water. David Dixon Porter - Red River the North Atlantic: With the citys fall on July 4, Porters group started watches of the Mississippi until being requested to help Major General Nathaniel Banks Red River Expedition. Starting in March 1864, the undertaking demonstrated fruitless and Porter was lucky to extricate his armada from the waterways retreating waters. On October 12, Porter was requested east to assume responsibility for the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron. Requested to close the port of Wilmington, NC, he moved soldiers under Major General Benjamin Butler to assault Fort Fisher that December. The assault demonstrated a disappointment when Butler indicated an absence of resolve. Angry, Porter returned north and mentioned an alternate leader from Grant. Coming back to Fort Fisher with troops drove by Major General Alfred Terry, the two men caught the stronghold in the Second Battle of Fort Fisher in January 1865. David Dixon Porter - Later Life: With the finish of the war, the US Navy was quickly cut back. With less maritime orders accessible, Porter was named Superintendent of the Naval Academy in September 1865. While there, he was elevated to bad habit chief naval officer and set out on an aggressive crusade to modernize and change the institute to make it the adversary of West Point. Leaving in 1869, he quickly instructed Secretary with respect to the Navy Adolph E. Borie, a beginner in maritime undertakings, until his substitution by George M. Robeson. With Admiral Farraguts demise in 1870, Porter accepted that he ought to be elevated to fill the opening. This occurred, yet simply after an extended battle with his political foes. Throughout the following twenty years, Porter was progressively expelled from the US Navys activities. Subsequent to investing a lot of this energy composing, he passed on at Washington, DC on February 13, 1890. Following his memorial service, he was covered at Arlington National Cemetery. Chosen Sources CWPT: David D. PorterArlington Cemetery: David D. Watchman

4 Tips for Writing a Great UIUC Essay

4 Tips for Writing a Great UIUC Essay SAT/ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Considering going to the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign? At that point you've gone to the correct spot. For this profoundly positioned government funded school, you'll have to present an individual explanation with your application. However, what would it be advisable for you to remember for your UIUC exposition to make you stick out? Peruse on to realize what the current UIUC article brief is and how to compose an incredible UIUC paper. We likewise show you a genuine UIUC article guide to give you a thought of whata extraordinary proclamation resembles. Highlight Image: Adam Jones/Flickr What Is the UIUC Essay? All candidates must think of one UIUC exposition on the significant they've picked and clarify why they are keen on this specific major or potentially field of study. You will get only one exposition brief (dislike theCommon App article, which offers you a few prompts to browse). Here is this year’s brief for the UIUC exposition: Clarify your enthusiasm for the significant you chose and depict how you have as of late investigated or built up this enthusiasm inside as well as outside the homeroom. You may likewise clarify how this major identifies with your future profession objectives. In case you're applying to the Division of General Studies, clarify your scholastic advantages and qualities or your future vocation objectives. You may incorporate any majors or territories of study you're presently considering. On the off chance that you’ve demonstrated on your UIUC application a subsequent option major, at that point you should present another exposition on this major as well.The brief for this essayis equivalent to the one above-you simply need to compose on the other significant you've picked and clarify why you're keen on it. In the event that you don't put during a time major on your application,you just need to think of one UIUC article. The UIUC paper must be 300-400 words in length,making it somewhat shorter than your regular school article, which is generally 500-600 words in length. Step by step instructions to Write the UIUC Essay: Topics and Tips The University of Illinois article is a significant piece of your application since it’s the main individual exposition you’ll compose for the school. This makes it theonly region on the UIUC application in which you can flaunt your character, scholastic enthusiasm, and narrating abilities. The general purpose of this announcement is for UIUC to become familiar with you as an individual and why you're keen on the major you’ve chose. Despite the fact that the UIUC article brief above may look overwhelming, the inquiries it pose are in reality entirely basic. The three fundamental pieces of this brief are as per the following: What is the significant you've chosen? How could you build up an enthusiasm for this major/field? What energizes you about it? How would you intend to make a profession out of this major/field? You could expound on how you built up this enthusiasm through school (e.g., you took a class in sea life science) or outside school (e.g., you partook in a sea life science club). In your UIUC exposition, you should concentrate on your responsibility to the field you’ve picked to study, taking consideration to address the past, present, and future-in other words,how you built up this intrigue, how it as of now considers along with your life, and what you intend to do with it later on. UIUC is truly clear about what it’s searching for in this article. Truth be told, the official University of Illinois site offers candidates six key tips on the most proficient method to move toward the UIUC article: Be paramount Be readied Act naturally Be engaged Be present Be proficient Also, UIUC has a YouTube arrangement on confirmations advising that remembers some helpful recordings with tips for how you can compose a powerful UIUC exposition: Presently at that point, what are some potential subjects you could expound on in your UIUC article? Here are only a couple of models: A particular (positive) encounter you had, either in or outside school, with the field you intend to study. Example:You suddenly chose to enter a science reasonable, which helped you understand you have an enthusiasm for developing things. A particular individual, for example, an educator, parent, or companion, who acquainted the field with you. Model: Your sophomore English instructor urged you to attempt the National Novel Writing Month occasion, which promoted your enthusiasm for experimental writing. The top notch you took in the field, why you decided to take this class (on the off chance that you decided to take it), and how taking it enlivened you to keep considering the field. Model: After takinga cooking class first year, you started to develop progressively intrigued infood science, driving you toread up on the theme in your extra time and start a cooking blog. A club/action you did that acquainted you with the field or permitted you to get familiar with it. Model: You joined your school’s Spanish club trying to raise your evaluation, however in the wake of making a couple of dear companions through the club, you began to acknowledge the amount you really delighted in the test of conveying in Spanish. How you weren't at first keen on the field however bit by bit got inspired by it because of the impact of a particular individual, a book you read, a discourse you heard, etc. Model: You constantly disdained advertisements, however in the wake of seeing an especially amusing promotion one day, you chose to look more into how this promotion was made and why it was so fruitful in drawingviewers; presently, you need to study publicizing. As you compose the UIUC paper, make a point to associate your subject to the now.Simply put, what are you as of now doing to become familiar with this field and to keep it a functioning piece of your life? For instance, possibly you intend to study English and now follow an inflexible timetable of writing in a diary consistently, in any event, when you truly don’t want to compose or you don't have anything fascinating to state. Moreover, attempt to examine your future with your proposed major. Ask yourself: what do you would like to do expertly with this major? Do you have a fantasy employment or vocation at the top of the priority list? In what manner will this significant assist you with accomplishing your expert objectives? By what means will UIUC explicitly help you? Consider how potential classes; scholastic, proficient, or extracurricular chances; and projects at UIUC could encourage yourfuture objectives in the field. For example, on the off chance that you need to study math, you could make reference to in your UIUC article how you’re keen on taking an interest in the few math challenges accessible at the college, and how you feel these occasions will help intellectually set you up to seek after a propelled math degree. At last, similarly as with any school paper, there are a couple of things you ought to completely abstain from doing in your UIUC exposition: Concentrating an excessive amount of on the past: While it’s OK to make reference to your youth, particularly in the event that you built up your scholarly intrigue right off the bat throughout everyday life, UIUC needs to find out about you now, as a promising youthful grown-up, than it does you as a just interested child. Such a large number of negatives: It’s impeccably fine (and expected) to have confronted difficulties in the field you’ve picked and in life by and large. Simply make certain to puta positive turn on your subject with the goal that you go over develop, shrewd, and objective situated. A Real UIUC Essay Example + Analysis To help give you a superior thought of what your own UIUC article could resemble, here is one genuine UIUC exposition model we discovered on the web, composed by a conceded understudy. Note that this exposition reacts to a marginally extraordinary brief (however it's still quite like the current UIUC paper brief) and has a somewhat shorter word cutoff of 300 rather than 400 words. Here is the brief: In an article of 300 words or less, if it's not too much trouble examine your scholastic advantages as well as expert objectives. What's more, here is the article: As a senior in secondary school, I trust I have my brain set on how I need my life to follow I move on from Bloom Trail High School and proceed onward to this present reality. While going to the college I had always wanted, I will consider science while taking pre-prescription classes. A while later, I will go to clinical school and study to turn into an obstetrician. I have an enthusiasm for contemplating science while in school. After my science praises class first year, I have consistently had an enthusiasm for the investigation of life. The units that I cherished finding out about the most were proliferation and the human body. The two struck my inclinations the most in the class, and even impacted me to take AP Biology my senior year and choose to study science in school. I likewise have an enthusiasm for math, which has been my best subject in school for whatever length of time that I can recall. In contrast to most, math comes simple to me and since it is all around utilized wherever for everything, it is presumably perhaps the best ability, interests, and resources. My own vocation objective in life is to turn into an obstetrician. I have an adoration for infants and I feel this would be the most remunerating vocation I could have. I likewise couldn't imagine anything better than to return to the Chicagoland zone where I was brought up to support pregnant ladies and their infants have a protected and sound way of life previously, during, and after birth. I will probably help individuals in my locale. I will feel achieved with my life as long as I help other people. Regardless of whether I just effectively help one lady and her family, I would be happy with myself for eternity. Source What Makes This UIUC Essay Work? It's reasonable, centered, and simple to follow:The candidate doesn’t hesitate and comes to the heart of the matter by disclosing their craving to contemplate science and take pre-medications classes at the University of Illinois. We likewise learn toward the beginning that they need to turn into an obstetrician; this encourages us monitor the bearing of the paper. Word decision isconsistently clearas well, making the exposition both relatable and straightforward. It’s brimming with passion:This UIUC paper centers around how the candidate built up a solid enthusiasm for science, math, and pre-medications, and it makes an awesome showing underlining their energy for these fields. We figure out how they got intrigued with the human body and built up a craving to help other people, explicitly w

How Marijuana Use Impairs Learning and Social Skills

How Marijuana Use Impairs Learning and Social Skills Addiction Drug Use Marijuana Print Heavy Marijuana Use Affects Learning and Social Skills Strong Link Found to Marijuana and Lowered Intellect Levels By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on March 03, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on July 23, 2019 Chris Hondros Collection/Getty Images More in Addiction Drug Use Marijuana Cocaine Heroin Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Opioids Prescription Medications Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Numerous scientific research studies have shown that heavy marijuana use can negatively affect a persons learning abilities and social skills.?? The studies suggest that a person who smokes marijuana every day may be functioning at a reduced intellectual level even during periods of brief abstinence.?? The upside is after four weeks of quitting the drug, in most cases, people who had used marijuana for long periods of time could recover their cognitive abilities. Although, there is some evidence to the contrary for children under the age of 18. What the Research Says The National Institute on Drug Abuse  (NIDA) looked at 11 scientific research studies and concluded that heavy marijuana use, which is defined as smoking marijuana 27 days in 30 days, has a significant impact on persons ability to learn, remember what they learned, and function in society. General Effects of Heavy Marijuana Use According to the  research results, heavy marijuana use revealed a link to several problems in personality and memory. The potential link to depression, anxiety, and personality disorders.??Decrease the ability to learn and remember information, making it more likely to fall behind the norm on developing intellectual, job, and social skills.??Dampened the ability to remember and learn for days and weeks after abstinence from marijuana use.?? Marijuana Myths, Facts, and Treatments Effects of Daily Marijuana Use on Students The research results of daily marijuana use by students also showed problems in focus, scholastic performance, and memory.?? Students were getting lower grades and becoming less likely to graduate, compared to students who did not use marijuana.Students had significantly impaired skills related to attention, memory and learning even after not using marijuana for 24 hours.Students had problems in sustaining and shifting attention.Students had problems with the ability to register, organize and use information, even compared to occasional users of marijuana.Students had an impaired ability to recall words from a list a week after quitting marijuana use. Effects on Work Performance Findings from the  research of heavy marijuana users in the workplace showed problems in absences, tardiness, accidents, and cognitive abilities.?? People in the workplace who used marijuana were more likely to experience increased absences (75 percent), tardiness, accidents, workers compensation claims, and job turnover.People in the workplace who tested positive for marijuana use had 55 percent more industrial accidents and 85 percent more injuries compared to non-marijuana users.??Heavy marijuana abusers self-report that their use of the drug had negative effects on their cognitive abilities, career status, social life, and physical and mental health.? Consequences of Early Marijuana Use A persons brain is still developing up until the early 20s. Experts agree that the later someone begins using marijuana the better.?? A Duke University study found that children who smoke marijuana at least weekly before age 18 displayed lasting harm to their intelligence, attention, and memory compared with those who began using marijuana after age 18.?? The study also found that, unlike adults, quitting marijuana use did not entirely reverse the cognitive damaged caused by regular marijuana use. How Long Does Marijuana Stay In Your System?

The Geography of Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka is a large island nation located off of Indias southeast coast. Until 1972, it was formally known as Ceylon, but today it is officially called the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka. The country has a long history filled with instability and conflict between ethnic groups. Recently though, relative stability has been restored and Sri Lankas economy is growing. Fast Facts: Sri Lanka Official Name: Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri LankaCapital: Colombo (commercial capital); Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte (legislative capital)Population: 22,576,592  (2018)Official Language: SinhalaCurrency: Sri Lankan rupees (LKR)Form of Government: Presidential republicClimate: Tropical monsoon; northeast monsoon (December to March); southwest monsoon (June to October)Total Area: 25,332 square miles (65,610 square kilometers)Highest Point: Pidurutalagala at 8,281 feet (2,524 meters)Lowest Point: Indian Ocean at 0 feet (0 meters) Sri Lankas History It is believed that the origins of human inhabitation in Sri Lanka began in the sixth century BCE when the Sinhalese migrated to the island from India. Around 300 years later, Buddhism spread to Sri Lanka, which led to highly organized Sinhalese settlements in the northern portion of the island from 200 BCE to 1200 CE. Following this period were invasions from southern India, which caused the Sinhalese to migrate south. In addition to early settlement by the Sinhalese, Sri Lanka was inhabited between the third century BCE and 1200 CE by the Tamils, who are the second-largest ethnic group on the island. The Tamils, who are predominantly Hindu, migrated to Sri Lanka from the Tamil region of India. During the early settlement of the island, Sinhalese and Tamil rulers frequently fought for dominance over the island. This led to the Tamils claiming the northern part of the island and the Sinhalese controlling the south to which they migrated. European inhabitation of Sri Lanka began in 1505 when Portuguese traders landed on the island in search of various spices, took control of the islands coast, and began to spread Catholicism. In 1658, the Dutch took over Sri Lanka but the British took control in 1796. After establishing settlements in Sri Lanka, the British then defeated the king of Kandy to formally take control of the island in 1815 and created the Crown Colony of Ceylon. During British rule, Sri Lankas economy was based mainly on tea, rubber, and coconuts. In 1931, however, the British granted Ceylon limited self-rule, which eventually led to it becoming a self-governing dominion of the Commonwealth of Nations on February 4, 1948. Following Sri Lankas independence in 1948, conflicts again arose between the Sinhalese and the Tamils when the Sinhalese took over majority control of the nation and stripped over 800,000 Tamils of their citizenship. Since then, there has been civil unrest in Sri Lanka and in 1983 a civil war began in which the Tamils demanded an independent northern state. The instability and violence continued through the 1990s and into the 2000s. By the late 2000s, changes in Sri Lankas government, pressure from international human rights organizations, and the murder of the opposition Tamil leader officially ended the years of instability and violence in Sri Lanka. Today, the country is working toward repairing ethnic divisions and unifying the country. Government of Sri Lanka Today, Sri Lankas government is considered a republic with a single legislative body consisting of a unicameral Parliament whose members are elected by popular vote. Sri Lankas executive body is made up of its chief of state and president—both of which are filled by the same person, who is elected by a popular vote for a six-year term. Sri Lankas most recent presidential election took place in January 2010. The judicial branch in Sri Lanka is composed of the Supreme Court and Court of Appeals, and the judges for each are elected by the president. Sri Lanka is officially divided into eight provinces. Sri Lankas Economy Sri Lankas economy today is mainly based on the service and industrial sector; however, agriculture plays an important role as well. The major industries in Sri Lanka include rubber processing, telecommunications, textiles, cement, petroleum refining, and the processing of agricultural products. Sri Lankas main agricultural exports include rice, sugarcane, tea, spices, grain, coconuts, beef, and fish. Tourism and the related services industries are also growing in Sri Lanka. Geography and Climate of Sri Lanka Overall, Sir Lanka has a varied terrain but it mainly consists of flatlands. The south-central portion of the countrys interior features mountain and steep-sided river canyons. The flatter regions are the areas where most of Sri Lankas agriculture takes place, aside from coconut farms along the coast. Sri Lankas climate is tropical and the southwestern part of the island is the wettest. Most of the rain in the southwest falls from April to June and October to November. The northeastern part of Sri Lanka is drier and most of its rain falls from December to February. Sri Lankas average yearly temperature is around 86 degrees to 91 degrees (28 °C to 31 °C). An important geographic note about Sri Lanka is its position in the Indian Ocean, which made it vulnerable to one of the worlds largest natural disasters. On December​ 26, 2004, it was struck by a  large tsunami that hit 12 Asian countries. Around 38,000 people in Sri Lanka were killed during this event and much of Sri Lankas coast was destroyed. More Facts about Sri Lanka †¢ The common ethnic groups in Sri Lanka are Sinhalese (74%), Tamil (9%), and Sri Lankan Moor (7%).†¢ Sri Lankas official languages are Sinhala and Tamil. Sources Central Intelligence Agency. CIA - The World Factbook -- Sri Lanka.Infoplease. Sri Lanka: History, Geography, Government, and Culture - Infoplease.com.United States Department of State. Sri Lanka.

Access to the Dome of the Rock Essay Example

Essays on Access to the Dome of the Rock Essay The paper "Access to the Dome of the Rock" is a wonderful example of an essay on tourism. Jerusalem is home to the world’s greatest sects, Judaism, Islam, and Christianity, for its famous structures including the Dome of the Rock. This paper embarks on discussing the current access to the Dome of the Rock, including its security measures. Initially, the paper will provide a short discussion of the significance of the site to various religious beliefs. Dome of the Rockâ€Å"Qubbat al-Sakhra,† commonly known as the Dome of the Rock or â€Å"Haram al-Sharif (Noble Sanctuary)† by Muslims, is a shrine built in the city of Jerusalem, specifically on a platform at the top of the Holy House or Mount Moriah (Islam and Al-Hamad 109). Although built on top of the most sacred site of Judaism, it is considered as Islam’s third holiest place (Blair 7). Mount Moriah, according to Jewish belief, is the exact location of Abraham’s sacrificial offering of his son Isaac, but according to the Islamic faith, it is where Mohammed ascended to heaven after a journey from Mecca and Jerusalem (â€Å"About Dome of the Rock† 6-7). Current AccessEveryone is allowed to visit, but for non-Muslims, the site is open only from Sundays to Thursdays, from seven to eleven o’clock in the morning and from 1:30 to 2:30 in the afternoon (â€Å"Noble Sanctuary: The Dome of the Rock† 11). Notably, non-Muslims can access only the Temple Mount (ramp to the right of Western Wall), and they are prohibited in the Dome of the Rock. On the other hand, only Muslims are allowed to enter the Dome of the Rock. Jews and Christians are permitted to visit the site as tourists, through the Mugrabi Gate (located above to the left of Western Wall plaza), but they are prohibited from making religious displays, singing and praying, even in silence (Booth and Eglash 10). Security measures are taken in place on the site as the freedom to access is enshrined as law. Visitors are required to wear a modest dress and bring the passport. Backpack or any items brought to the site will undergo ocular inspection by policemen before anyone can enter the Mount.ConclusionThe Dome of the Rock accounts as one of the holiest places on Earth. Only Muslims are granted full access to the site every day while non-Muslims, although allowed to visit as tourists from Sundays to Thursdays, are allowed only in the Temple Mount and banned in the Dome of the Rock. Security measures, such as passport and bag inspections by policemen, are put in place to secure the safety and reduce tension in the area.

Political Ideologies Free Essays

D. Sokolova 28/09/2011 On the topic of â€Å"Political Ideology† (Heywood 2003, p. 5) states: † ‘Ideology’ is consider a particular type of political thought, distinct from, say, political science or political philosophy. We will write a custom essay sample on Political Ideologies or any similar topic only for you Order Now † Ideology is a set of views and ideas that provides the theoretical basis to organize and rule community life, establish values, habits and perspectives. It demands the certain methods to be used for solving different social problems. As (MacKenzie, et al. 1994, p. 1) have noted, ideology † provides both an account of existing social and political relations and blueprint of how these relation ought to be organized. Beyond this general definition, however, the concept of ideology is notoriously difficult to get to grips with. It is loaded with a wide range of possible meanings, many of which are contradictory. † † The word ideology was coined during the French Revolution by Antoine Destutt de Tracy (1754-1836) , and was first used in public in 1796. For de Tracy, ideologue referred to a new ‘science of ideas’, literally an idea-ology. † (Heywood 2003, p. 6) De Tracy tried to find moral, ethic and political phenomena of basic consciousness and offer a logical explanation under one concept. For Marx and Engels ‘ideology’ (MacKenzie, et al. 994, p. 5) † is the role of changing historical conditions that is fundamental to the formation of ideas. † Rather, French philosopher Louis Pierre Althusser (MacKenzie, et al. 1994, p. 16) † insists upon the strict separation of ideology and science. Arguing against the traditional relationship betwe en ideology and truth†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He affirms that † ideology is the ‘cement’ that binds human societies together. † An Australian political theorist Minogue have noticed, that ideologies (MacKenzie,et al. 1994, p. 4) † create the false expectation in people’s minds that a perfect world is ultimately attainable. From this point of view,† ideologies are seen as abstract system of thought, sets on ideas that are destined to simplify and distort social reality because they claim to explain what is, frankly, incomprehensible. † The foremost modern exponent of this view was the British political philosopher Michael Oakeshott (1901-90)† , who has issued guideline, that † Ideology is thus equated with dogmatism : fixed on doctrinaire beliefs, that are divorced from the complexities of the real world. † (Heywood 2003, p. 10) † The birth of political ideologies can be traced back to the processes thought which the mod ern world came into existence. The process of modernization had social, political and cultural dimension. Socially, it was linked to the emergence of increasingly market-orientated and capitalist economies, dominated by new social classes, the middle class and the working class. Politically, it involved the replacement of monarchical absolutism by the advance of constitutional and, in due course, democratic government. Culturally, it took the form of spread of Enlightenment ideas and views, which challenged traditional beliefs in religion, politics and learning in general, based upon a commitment to the principles of reason and progress. The ‘core’ political ideologies, the ones out of which later ideologies emerged or developed in opposition to – liberalism, conservatism and socialism – reflected contrasting responses to the process of modernization. † (Heywood 2003,p. 21- 22) Main features distinguished them from each other are the following: Liberals, particularly during the Cold War period, have viewed ideology as an officially sanctioned belief system that claims a monopoly of truth, often through a spurious claim to be scientific. Ideology is therefore inherently repressive, even totalitarian. Conservatives have traditionally regarded ideology as manifestation of the arrogance of rationalism. Ideologies are elaborate system of thought that are dangerous or unreliable because, being abstracted from reality, they establish principles and goals that lead to repression or are simply unachievable. Socialists, following Marx, have seen ideology as a body of ideas that conceal the contradictions of class society, thereby promoting false consciousness and political passivity amongst subordinate classes†¦ Later Marxist adopted neutral concept of ideology, regarding it as the distinctive ideas of any social class, including the working class. Fascist are often dismissive of ideology as an over-systematic, dry and intellectualized form of political understanding that is based on mere reason rather than passion and the will. The Nazis preferred to portray their own ideas as a Weltanschaung or ‘world view’, not as systematic philosophy. Ecologists have tended to regard al conventional political doctrines as part of super-ideology of industrialism. Ideology is thus tainted by its association with arrogant humanism and growth-orientated economics-liberalism and socialism being its most obvious examples. Religious fundamentalists have treated key religious texts as ideology, on the grounds that, by expressing the revealed world of God, they provide a programme for comprehensive social reconstruction. (Heywood 2003, p. 15) It is recognizable, that the theory of ideology still has many different features. This view has been supported in the (Eccleshall 1984, p. 23) saying that â€Å"Ideology is the realm in which people clarify and justify their actions as they pursue divergent interests. † However, â€Å".. there is no settle or agreed definition of the term, only a collection of rival definitions. As David McLellan (1995) put it, ‘Ideology is the most elusive concept in the whole of social science’. † (Heywood 2003, p. 5) Bibliography 1. Heywood Andrew. Political ideologies: An introduction. 3rd edition. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003. 2. Eccleshall Robert, Geoghegan Vincent, Jay Richard, Kenny Michael, MacKenzie Iain and Wilford Rick. Political Ideologies: An introduction. 2nd edition. London: Routledge, 1994. 3. Eccleshall Robert, Geoghegan Vincent, Jay Richard and Rick Wilford. Political Ideologies: An Introduction Great Britain: Essex, 1984. How to cite Political Ideologies, Papers

Sand Dust Storm in China free essay sample

It carries as much as 875 metric tons of dust particles per cubic kilometre of air† (Dirks 2010, 392). 2. 2 Location Strong dust storms hit Xinjiang Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Hebei, Beijing, Hong Kong and Taiwan. (2010 China drought and dust storms 2010) 2. 3 When did it happen? It happened on March 22, 2010. (2010 China drought and dust storms 2010) 2. 4 What caused the event? Beijing meteorological offices director GuoHu said, â€Å"This influence of Beijings dust source is in Mongolia and in middle Inner Mongolia region. The dust was wafted from thousands of meters altitude by the conveying of strong winds. From the perspective of meteorology, this is unstoppable climate phenomena† (Xinhua NET 2010). 2. 5 What areas were affected? The other areas were affected where were â€Å"South Korea, North Korea and Japan by March 22, before being carried across the Pacific Ocean by the jet stream, with some dust reaching the West Coast of the United States† (2010 China drought and dust storms 2010). We will write a custom essay sample on Sand Dust Storm in China or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 3. 0 Effects and Damage of Sand Dust Storm 3. 1 Short and long term effects â€Å"The dust storm in late March spiralled around a strong low pressure system. Many areas recorded an extremely rare level 5 hazardous rating for air quality. Many flights in Beijing were also delayed or cancelled. Air pollution readings in Hong Kong reached a record high, reaching at least 15 times the recommended maximum levels by the World Health Organization. Taiwan also reported a new record for worst sandstorm conditions. A strong sandstorm tore through Turpan in Xinjiang on April 23, sparking fires that killed two people and forcing a shutdown of rail and road traffic for six hours† (2010 China drought and dust storms 2010). . 2 Extent of the Damage According to the news releases of the state forestry administration desertification monitoring centre of China on March 28 2010, Extent of the Damage of Sand Dust Storm affected 304 counties of 11 provinces and the air of 6 key cities was severely Polluted. The affected area is about 1. 20 square kilometres, the affected population is about 70 million people, and cultivated land area was affected more t han 6. 4 million hectares, garden area was more than 1. million hectares, grassland area was more than 65 million hectares. (2010 new composition in the exams preparation material: climate and environment 2010) 4. 0 Historic Records and Extent of effects of Sand Dust Storm 4. 1 Historic Records of Sand Dust Storm in Beijing Sand Dust Storm does not only appear in the present times, it has already appeared since ancient times. The Sand Dust Storm has appeared since 1425 in Beijing. It normally mainly appeared in Beijing from January to April in Chinese calendar. The probability is 83. 6%. It has appeared almost annually since 2000. (Dr. Mars 2010) 4. 2 Main damage ways of Sand Dust Storm Firstly it is the strong wind. The strong wind uses sand and dust to destroy buildings and public facilities and cause the casualties of people and livestock. Secondly it is sand buried. The wind-drift sand causes a lot of events they are farmland, channel, cottages, railway and pasture were sand bur ied, and especially cause serious threat for transportation. The third way is wind erosion, and the last way is air pollution. Dr. Mars 2010) 4. 3 Damage of Sand Dust Storm The sand dust storm mainly causes 5 results. They are ecological environment deterioration, damage of production and life, losses of lives and property, damage traffic safety and harm to human health. (Dr. Mars 2010) 5. 0 Prevention and Positive effects of Sand Dust Storm 5. 1 Causes of Sand Dust storm The causes of sand dust storm might be degeneration of grassland and vegetation and excessive reclamation. 5. 2 Prevention The Sand Dust Storm has not been prevented yet. Beijing meteorological offices director GuoHu said,† As long as the sediment sources exist, sandstorm will not disappear† (Xinhua NET 2010). 5. 3 Positive outcomes from the disaster Although there is much harm of sandstorm, but the whole process of sandstorm is a part of natural ecosystem. It can slow the damage of greenhouse effect and slow the acid rain or soil acidification. (TT Aixuan 2010) 6. 0 The End Conclusion The sand dust storm is caused by degeneration of grassland and vegetation and excessive reclamation. Although it is a part of natural ecosystem, it causes lots of damages like: ecological environment deterioration, damage of production and life, losses of lives and property, damage traffic safety and harm to human health. We should try to prevent it with the ways like establish forecast system of sandstorm and improve environmental governance and environmental protection. Recommendations From this research report, we can find a nature rule that is if human cannot protect earth and make the ecological balance ourselves; earth will use its own way to make the balance. But here is a problem that is normally the method of earth uses is more harmful for human than our own way. Reference list 2010 China drought and dust storms. 2010. Wikipedia. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/2010_China_drought_and_dust_storms#cite_note-21 (accessed November 24, 2010). 2010 new composition in the exams preparation material: climate and environment. 2010. http://peng99. com/zuowen/Article/2852_2. shtml (accessed November 25, 2010). Coenraads, R. 2006. Natural disasters and how we cope. Victoria: The Five Mile Press. Dirks, A. 2010. Dust storm in The World Book Encyclopedia. Vol. 5. Chicago: World Book. Dirks, A. 2010. Sandstorm in The World Book Encyclopedia. Vol. 17. Chicago: World Book. Dr. Mars. 2010. Beijing sand dust storm. http://baike. baidu. com/view/3381041. htm (accessed November 26, 2010). TT Aixuan. 2010. Sand duststorm. Bai Du Encyclopedia. http://baike. baidu. com/view/2097. htm (accessed November 24, 2010). Xinhua NET. 2010. Meteorological experts: as long as the sediment sources exist, Beijing sandstorms will not disappear. http://news. sina. com. cn/c/2010-03-20/114119905302. shtml (accessed November 26, 2010).

Consumer Behavior Towards Ariel and Surf Excel Essays

Consumer Behavior Towards Ariel and Surf Excel Essays Consumer Behavior Towards Ariel and Surf Excel Paper Consumer Behavior Towards Ariel and Surf Excel Paper Introduction of FMCG Industry The FMCG sector which has been the foundation of the Indian Economy, started to take its shape only during the last fifty odd years. The sector touches each facet of human life providing consumers non-durable goods required for daily or regular use. So, it easier said than done to describe an industry whose range is so huge. The FMCG sector consists mainly of sub segments like personal care, oral care and household products. HUL, PG, Britannia are the major Indian consumer product companies which have very strong presence through their strong brands. The wide distribution network, diversified portfolios and scale economies of these companies deter new players from entering into the market. Therefore, Brand Equity is an extremely important factor in FMCG Industry where as ability to build, develop, and maintain a wide distribution network is one of the critical factors. . History of Fabric Wash Market In India The size of fabric wash market in India is around Rs. 800 crores whereas the total volume is about 2. 3 millions. Hindustan Lever Limited (HUL), Procter and Gamble (PG) key players in fabric market of India. Surf Excel enjoys 37. 8% market share compared to 7. 7% of Ariel. The per capita consumption of detergents in India is 2. 7 kg per annum. The synthetic detergent market can be classified into three main categories: * Premium (Surf Excel and Ariel) – 15% of total market * Mid Price (Rin an d Wheel) – 40% of total market * Popular (Nirma) – 45% of total market Surf Excel Surf Excel is product of Hindustan Lever Limited (HUL), which was formed in the year 1933 as Lever Brothers India Limited and came into being in 1956 as Hindustan Lever Limited through the merger of Lever Brothers, Hindustan Vanaspathi Manufacturing Company Limited and United Traders Limited. The company believes that dirt is a valuable way to enhance lives, both young and old. To make certain everyone, anywhere in the country, can contribute to in this imitative, Unilever invests heavily in developing a range that suits the pockets of all income groups. This has included launching affordable packs that not only offer the top clean advantage of Surf Excel, but also reduce the time, physical effort and amount of water needed to wash the clothes by hand. Surf Excel products in the market are Surf Excel Blue, Surf Excel Quick Wash, Surf Excel Automatic and Surf Excel Detergent Bar. Ariel Ariel, a product of Procter and Gamble (PG), was introduced in India in the year 1991. Procter and Gamble is a marketing range of consumer goods product. Ariel detergent gives impeccable cleaning in stain removal. It contains unique ingredients that cannot be found in other detergents, thus it is designed to remove a multitude of stains better. Ariel is perfect for everybody washing needs. The unique formula bas been designed to give brilliant cleaning and long lasting freshness. Ariel is available in three variants namely, Ariel Fresh Clean, Ariel Spring Clean and Ariel Front or Mar. Total Customer Benefits Total customer benefit is the difference between total customer cost and total customer values. Total customer cost is the cost that customer expects to incur in evaluating, obtaining, using and disposing of the product or service. Every value deliver to customer involves cost. Total customer value is the perceived benefit that the customer associated with the product. It’s not only about the core benefit of the product but the number of the benefit associated. Mainly in customers look for the function such as: The customer cost in purchasing Surf Excel is low because of availability of the product due to wide spread network of HUL, strong brand recognition and heavy advertisement. The customers save cost in evaluating the brand with competitors and also save the cost in purchasing also. While purchasing the product customer will not only look for the benefit, he will also look for availability of the product, the price of the product and the cluster of benefit they will get if associated with this product very true for the company where there is intensify competition product between Surf Excel and Ariel. The total customer benefit and cost plays very important role in order to create the brand loyalty especially in such low involvement products. So it can be broadly categorized into the following: Economic benefit: Surf Excel was first brand to be introduced in Indian market than Ariel. The price offered by the both competing brand is genuine in nature. A Price of Surf Excel 20 gram sachets costs Rs. 1. 50 where as price of Ariel in 20 gram sachets costs Rs. 2. Psychological benefit: Surf Excel has psychological advantage over Ariel and has become a generic name for detergent category creating association in mind of its customer. Surf Excel advertisement campaign such as â€Å"Daag donthe rah jaoge (1990)†, â€Å"Jaise Bhi Daag ho, Surf Excel hai na (1996)†, Daag Acche Hai Na (2005)† have slogan Daag with continuity which makes consumers remember and recognize it. Functional benefit: Both the detergent concentrates on stain removal and top cleaning which reduces the time and effort taken to wash the clothes. Packaging of Surf Excel and Ariel is very attractive. In surf excel the consumers can use less quantity of detergents when compared to Ariel which consumes more detergents. Comparison of Total Customer Benefit Available to Surf Excel and Ariel Surf Excel * Customers believe that dirt is a valuable way to improve their lives. * It reduces the time, physical effort amount of water needed to wash clothes by hand. * Surf excel completely cleans all the stains in just one wash. * It saves energy and water, while washing for the customer. * It reduces wrinkling so less ironing required. * Surf excels anti bacterial formula doesn’t allow germs to form while sweating. It is a detergent which takes care of customer hands also because it doesn’t dry the skin. * It is available in different variants for different types of customers. * It is perceived as premium brand. * Success of slogan – Dirt are good. Ariel * Ariel is focusing on product innovation to address the changing consumer’s needs and values. * Ariel is associating the brand with customers on the bases to give them superior quality makes the ground for customer to provide a theme which cause to have happiness. * It is a trusted and a premium brand in India. Ariel product has a very good fragrance. * It is available in variants as well. Point of Difference It is basically a characteristic or benefits consumer associated with the brand that can’t cater to them by the competing brand. Basically it is unique feature that is possessed by your product only. Point of Difference in Surf Excel and Ariel * Emotion Appeal on Advertisement: Surf Excel focuses on kids and their learning process on their advertisements where has Ariel focus is on mother and cause of marketing for charity by hiring celebrities. Slogan: Almost all slogans of Surf Excel there is continual use of â€Å"Daag† which has helped Surf Excel to have psychological advantage over Ariel by creating association in mind of its customers. * Content of Bleach: Ariel has larger amount of bleach for better cleaning of white fabric giving more shine and clean look. But in the case of Sur f Excel active ingredients is formulated with high quality phosphate builders and multi-active surfactant system to give superior cleaning and stain removal. * Harm on skin: Due to presence of high bleach content in Ariel it’s harmful for skin. Brand Loyalty: Surf Excel maintains brand loyalty among its consumers where as Ariel is focused on increasing brand loyalty among the consumers. * Product: Surf Excel is launching product extension but Ariel is doing product innovation. Points of Parity Point of Parity is not necessary unique features and attributes to the brand but these features and attributes can be shared with other brand as well. Points of Parity among Surf Excel and Ariel * Both available in Variants: Both the brand Surf Excel and Ariel has varieties in their product that are offered at market for consumers. The different products of Surf Excel are Surf Excel Blue, Surf Excel Quick Wash, Surf Excel Automatic and Surf Excel Detergent Bar. Similarly, the different products of Ariel are Ariel Fresh Clean, Ariel Spring Clean and Ariel Front or Mart. * Penetration on Rural Areas: Both the detergent company focuses to penetrate in rural areas identifying new market segment for growth. * Price: Surf Excel price are slightly lower than compared to price of Ariel in small sachets of 20 gm. The cost price of 20 gm sachets of Surf Excel costs Rs. 1. 50 where as cost price of same quantity of Ariel costs Rs. . 50. * Opportunities: Both the brand of detergent is addressing growing needs of rural areas. The increase in level of income of people will help to open new market share. Customer Value Comparison between Surf Excel and Ariel In present marketplace, a company must integrate its traditional business function to provide a superior value to targeted customers because the value provided serves cus tomer best interest. Customers buy value, not product or features. Moreover, the customers buy it from the company that provides the most value. And the company also succeeds in attracting new customers is able to continually improve the value that are offered to existing customers for customer retention. Surf Excel Unilever has introduced concentrated version of detergent and adopted recycled materials and also using fewer colors on its labels in order to minimize impacts on the environment. Surf Excel introduced Surf Quick wash, the first eco-friendly detergent into the country being aware to the increasing concerns on environmental pollution and water scarcity problems. Surf Quick wash is low lather variant and uses almost half the water other detergents need. In customers point of view surf excel is available in every areas of retail market where the cost incurred by the consumers are minimum due to availability of product, brand recognition, advertisements are more regular by keeping the themes same and changing the perception of ads in nature. The offer of bucket in Surf excel is helping the manufactures from transferring stock from retail shop to their home. Ariel Ariel contains unique fragrance in detergents with new technology based detergent. It is more focused on product innovation to attract new consumers from existing brands in the present market. Though Ariel is expensive, it has good performance and it protects color. Economic Benefit: If we calculate the initial expenses that we have to make in order to purchase the Ariel it seems in the higher side than to purchase of Surf Excel but if calculation is made on per day Surf Excel is far cheaper than Ariel. If the comparison is made with Ariel here also Surf Excel wins the battle. Since the price of the product of Surf Excel are cheaper than Ariel. Psychological Benefit: Both the product are detergent for fabric wash and both are effective in nature, but the basic problem of Ariel is their harsh on skin due to content of bleach used in it for better cleaning. However, in case of Surf Excel does not harm skin because it’s milder than compared to the Ariel. Functional Benefit: Both detergents removes a multitude of stains better but Surf Excel uses little quantity of detergent for washing clothes when compared to over Ariel and it also reduces the time, physical effort and amount of water needed to wash clothes by hands. Ariel protects the color and Surf Excel dose not protects the color. Conclusion and recommendation Surf Excel spends huge amount of money on advertising due to impulsive buying behavior of consumer. There is competitive pricing between the products of Surf Excel and Ariel in order to attract the customers who are very sensitive to the price. HUL keeps price of Surf Excel with regard to price of Ariel. The cost of 1 kg of Surf Excel costs Rs. 110 per kg and cost of 1 kg Ariel costs Rs. 115 per kg. The rising income of the people is opening door for more market share. Both the brand have Brand Breadth, customers will appreciate if the companies will introduce new product like liquid detergent for color clothes to maintain brightness. Bibliography surfexcel. in/ (April 08, 2011) pg-india. com/hp/ariel2. htm(April 11, 2011) icmrindia. org/casestudies/catalogue/Marketing/MKTG246. htm (April 12, 2011) http://ebookee. org/Value-Based-Marketing-for-Bottom-Line-success-5-Steps-to-Creating-Customer-Value_945828. html (April 09, 2011) http://scribd. com/doc/ (April 04, 2011)

Timeline of the Mau Mau Rebellion in Kenya

Timeline of the Mau Mau Rebellion in Kenya The Mau Mau Rebellion was a militant African nationalist movement active in Kenya during the 1950s. Its main aim was to remove British rule and European settlers from the country.   Background of the Mau Mau Rebellion The uprising grew out of anger over British colonial policies, but much of the fighting was between Kikuyu people, an ethnic group that makes up about 20 percent of Kenya’s population.   The four main causes of the revolt were low wages, access to land, female circumcision (also known as female genital mutilation, FGM), and kipande - identity cards African workers were required to submit to their white employers, who sometimes refused to return them or even destroyed the cards making it incredibly difficult for workers to apply for other employment. Kikuyu were pressured to take the Mau Mau oath by militant nationalists, which were opposed by conservative elements of their society. While the British believed Jomo Kenyatta to be the overall leader, he was a moderate nationalist and threatened by the more militant nationalists who would continue the rebellion after his arrest. Milestones and Timeline of the Mau Mau Uprising August 1951: Mau Mau Secret Society RumoredInformation is filtering back about secret meetings being held in the forests outside Nairobi. A secret society called the Mau Mau was believed to have been started in the previous year. It requires its members to take an oath to drive the white man from Kenya. Intelligence suggests that membership of the Mau Mau is currently restricted to members of the Kikuyu tribe, many of whom have been arrested during burglaries in Nairobis white suburbs. August 24, 1952: Curfew ImposedThe Kenyan government imposes a curfew in three districts on the outskirts of Nairobi where gangs of arsonists, believed to be members of the Mau Mau, have been setting fire to homes of Africans who refuse to take the Mau Mau oath. October 7, 1952: AssassinationSenior Chief Waruhui is assassinated in Kenya he is speared to death in broad daylight on a main road on the outskirts of Nairobi. He had recently spoken out against increasing Mau Mau aggression against colonial rule. October 19, 1952: The British Send Troops to KenyaThe British government announces that it is to send troops to Kenya to help the fight against the Mau Mau. October 21, 1952: State of Emergency DeclaredWith the imminent arrival of British troops, the Kenyan government declares a state of emergency following a month of increasing hostility. Over 40 people have been murdered in Nairobi in the last four weeks and the Mau Mau, officially declared terrorists, have acquired firearms to use along with the more traditional pangas. As part of the overall clamp down Jomo Kenyatta, president of the Kenya African Union is arrested for alleged Mau Mau involvement. October 30, 1952: Arrests of Mau Mau ActivistsBritish troops are involved in the arrest of over 500 suspected Mau Mau activists. November 14, 1952: Schools ClosedThirty-four schools in Kikuyu tribal areas are closed as a measure to restrict the actions of Mau Mau activists. November 18, 1952: Kenyatta ArrestedJomo Kenyatta, president of the Kenya African Union and the countrys leading nationalist leader is charged with managing the Mau Mau terrorist society in Kenya. He is flown to a remote district station, Kapenguria, which reportedly has no telephone or rail communications with the rest of Kenya, and is being held there incommunicado. November 25, 1952: Open RebellionOpen rebellion against British rule in Kenya is declared by the Mau Mau. In response, British forces arrest over 2000 Kikuyu who they suspect of being Mau Mau members. January 18, 1953: Death Penalty for Administering Mau Mau OathGovernor-general Sir Evelyn Baring imposes the death penalty for anyone who administers the Mau Mau oath. The oath is often forced upon Kikuyu tribesmen at the point of a knife  and calls for the individuals death if he fails to kill a European farmer when ordered. January 26, 1953: White Settlers Panic and Take ActionPanic has spread through Europeans in Kenya after the slaying of a white settler farmer and his family. Settler groups, displeased with the governments response to the increasing Mau Mau threat have created their own Commando Units to deal with the threat. Sir Evelyn Baring, the Governor-general of Kenya has announced that a new offensive is to begin under the command of Major-general William Hinde. Amongst those speaking out against the Mau Mau threat and the governments inaction is Elspeth Huxley, author (who wrote The Flame Trees of Thika in 1959), who in a recent newspaper article compares Jomo Kenyatta to Hitler. April 1, 1953: British Troops Kill Mau Maus in HighlandsBritish troops kill twenty-four Mau Mau suspects and capture an additional thirty-six during deployments in the Kenyan highlands. April 8, 1953: Kenyatta SentencedJomo Kenyatta is sentenced to seven years hard labor along with five other Kikuyu currently detained at Kapenguria. April 17, 1953: 1000 ArrestedAn additional 1000 Mau Mau suspects have been arrested over the past week around the capital Nairobi. May 3, 1953: MurdersNineteen Kikuyu members of the Home Guard are murdered by the Mau Mau. May 29, 1953: Kikuyu Cordoned OffKikuyu tribal lands are to be cordoned off from the rest of Kenya to prevent Mau Mau activists from circulating to other areas. July  1953: Mau Mau Suspects KilledAnother 100 Mau Mau suspects have been killed during British patrols in Kikuyu tribal lands. January 15, 1954: Mau Mau Leader CapturedGeneral China, the second in command of the Mau Maus military efforts is wounded and captured by British troops. March 9, 1954: More Mau Mau Leaders CapturedTwo more Mau Mau leaders have been secured: General Katanga is captured and General Tanganyika surrenders to British authority. March 1954: British PlanThe great British plan to end the Mau Mau Rebellion in Kenya is presented to the countrys legislature General China, captured in January, is to write to the other terrorist leaders suggesting that nothing further can be gained from the conflict and that they should surrender themselves to British troops waiting in the Aberdare foothills. April 11, 1954: Failure of the PlanBritish authorities in Kenya admit that the General China operation revealed previously to the Kenyan legislature has failed. April 24, 1954: 40,000 ArrestedOver 40,000 Kikuyu tribesmen are arrested by British forces, including 5000 Imperial troops and 1000 Policemen, during widespread, coordinated dawn raids. May 26, 1954: Treetops Hotel BurnedThe Treetops Hotel, where  Princess Elizabeth  and her husband were staying when they heard of King George VIs death and her succession to the throne of England, is burnt down by Mau Mau activists. January 18, 1955: Amnesty OfferedGovernor-general Baring offers an amnesty to Mau Mau activists if they would surrender. They would still face imprisonment but wouldnt suffer the death penalty for their crimes. European settlers are up in arms at the leniency of the offer. April 21, 1955: Murders ContinueUnmoved by the amnesty offer of Sir Evelyn Baring, Kenyas Governor-general, the Mau Mau killings continue. Two English schoolboys are murdered. June 10, 1955: Amnesty WithdrawnBritain withdraws the offer of amnesty to the Mau Mau. June 24, 1955: Death SentencesWith the amnesty withdrawn, British authorities in Kenya can proceed with the death sentence for nine Mau Mau activists implicated in the death of two English schoolboys. October 1955: Death TollOfficial reports say that more than 70,000 Kikuyu tribesmen suspected of Mau Mau membership were imprisoned, while over 13,000 people were killed by British troops and Mau Mau activists over the last three years of the Mau Mau Rebellion. January 7, 1956: Death TollThe official death toll for Mau Mau activists killed by British forces in Kenya since 1952 is said to be 10,173. February 5, 1956: Activists EscapeNine Mau Mau activists escape from  Mageta  island prison camp in Lake Victoria. July 1959: British Opposition AttacksThe deaths of 11 Mau Mau activists held at Hola Camp in Kenya is cited as part of the British opposition attacks on the UK government over its role in Africa. November 10, 1959: State of Emergency EndsThe state of emergency is ended in Kenya. January 18, 1960: Kenyan Constitutional Conference BoycottedThe Kenyan Constitutional Conference being held in London is boycotted by African nationalist leaders. April 18, 1961: Kenyatta ReleasedIn return for the release of Jomo Kenyatta, African nationalist leaders agree to take a role in Kenyas government. Legacy and Aftermath of the Mau Mau Rebellion Kenya became independent on December 12, 1963, seven years after the collapse of the uprising. Many argue that the Mau Mau uprising helped catalyze decolonization as it showed that colonial control could only be maintained through the use of extreme force. The moral and financial cost of colonization was a growing issue with British voters, and the Mau Mau revolt brought those issues to a head. The fighting between Kikuyu communities, however, made their legacy contentious within Kenya. The colonial legislation outlawing the Mau Mau defined them as terrorists, a designation that remained in place until 2003 when the Kenyan government revoked the law. The government has since established monuments celebrating Mau Mau rebels as national heroes. In 2013 the British government formally apologized for the brutal tactics it used to suppress the uprising and agreed to pay approximately  £20 million pounds in compensation to surviving victims of abuse.

A vertical integration strategy and a corporate diversification Essay

A vertical integration strategy and a corporate diversification strategy - Essay Example First, it can reduce opportunistic threats from the firm's buyers and suppliers by making transaction-specific value-adding investments, e.g., by capitalizing on economies of scale (opportunism-based). Second, the firm can exploit any of its valuable, rare, and costly-to-imitate resources and capabilities, e.g., as part of the processes used to make its end-products (capabilities-based). Third, the firm can take advantage of stable or volatile business conditions to squeeze profits by reducing its costs as much as possible (flexibility-based). The value of adopting any of these three strategies would depend on how rare and costly to imitate these strategies are, whether the firm does something its competitors do not, the degree to which it exercises control, and the variety of uncertainties that it faces. Implementing vertical integration requires a high degree of control, so a functional or U-form organization structure is the most commonly used (aside from a good CEO), a necessity when adopting cost leadership and product differentiation strategies. The expected conflicts that arise from this structure can be resolved with the use of closely-managed budgets and management oversight committees.

Return on Investment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Return on Investment - Assignment Example It is highly essential that trainers are able to estimate the ROI, cost benefit analysis and break even analysis as they need all these to assess the financial viability of training projects. A high ROI project may definitely be worth it but computing the cost benefit analysis side by side would also enable a trainer to estimate how much benefit can be obtained per unit of cost and decide if the project is even worth entering into (Powell, 2008). As for breakeven analysis, trainers need to use this measure to figure out when exactly will they be able to cover the costs they have spent in training and then start making profits as they might need this information for project budgeting and planning needs. Further on if a choice is to be made between mutually exclusive projects, than these measures would aid trainers in deciding what’s the best project to go ahead with. Thirdly and finally, the computation of these measures will aid training endeavors when they alter/re-plan their training projects to achieve the maximum benefit out of it or to cut down on their costs (Young and Aitken,

The Crucial Role of Teiresias in Sophocles’ Antigone Essay -- Antigone

The Crucial Role of Teiresias in Sophocles’ Antigone Antigone is a tragic play written by Sophocles in ancient Greece during approximately 441 B.C. The story is set in a palace in Thebes, a city within Greece. Teiresias is an old blind prophet who claims to be capable of seeing the future, he has yet to tell a prophesy to be untrue; he has immense credibility. A theme within the text is: quality not quantity. In this translation of Antigone, Teiresias has exactly 76 lines of text. Physically this is very little of a role; one could assume Teiresias is not an important character at all; however, this is untrue. Teiresias is a character with an extremely minute role, yet he has immense influence over the resolution of the story, the characters, and the decisions they choose to make. Teiresias’ role in the story is relatively small in terms of stage time, yet what he says is so influential and important that it has an extreme effect over the attitude of Creon. Creon expresses his profound respect for Teiresias when he says, â€Å"I’ve always been attentive to your counsel †¦ So ...

Htc Paper

Evaluate HTC’s performance to date. What are its competitive advantages and vulnerabilities? Cher Wang’s vision was to develop a hand-held computer like device and HTC eventually developed its first PDA, the iPAQ in 2000. HTC has always been behind the scenes by just selling high-quality, unbranded phones to cell phone manufacturers and wireless network operators. Eventually, HTC was commissioned to be an original design manufacturer (ODM), which means that HTC only had little responsibility for sales, marketing, or inventory management as HTC manufactured smartphones for branded handset companies and it designed phones for service providers such as T-Mobile and Vodafone and it supported operators by helping them build unique value propositions and optimize their services. This helped them differentiate from other ODMs and the mobile phone operator business provided better profit margins. Then HTC took the plunge and started its own brand operations by designing phones, which would be sold with the brand name of HTC. They wanted to differentiate it from competitors and have greater control over the company’s future. They focused on high-end ‘prosumer’ (the overlap of professionals and consumers) market. Revenue had soared from $1. 1 billion to $4. 6 billion in a span of 4 years and the gross profit jumped from a mere $212 million to a staggering $1. 5 billion dollars in the same time with sales in more than 70 countries. In 2009, the global recession threatened to slow down consumer spending but since HTC had a diverse customer base and focused on a high-growth market it expected to remain sales growth. Because price expectancies from a customer point of view were quite low, HTC had to lower its average sales price. It had to increase the share of common components to deliver significant improvements in terms of economies of scale. They tried to do it by using lower ASP, which could help reduce its dependency on operators. They also lowered production cost by opening up a second production facility in Shanghai and moving manufacturing to Mainland China. As far as the competitive advantages are concerned, a dynamic CEO who had laid out a clear-cut vision led HTC. They started out with a PDA device that represented more than 80% of its revenue and they didn’t stop at that point. The CEO was already thinking about the next growth platform, which was the mobile telecommunication market. The influence of the CEO who is driven to achieve stretch goals has shown to be a big strength to the company. Their advanced product innovation gave them the position to compete with big brands as Microsoft, Google and Vodafone. They became the first Taiwanese company to secure a 3G license. All of this led to HTC’s share price to surge 1000% between 2003 and 2006. As far as vulnerabilities are concerned, as one analyst rightly predicted, mobile market is like â€Å"soup du jour: Today one brand is hot, and tomorrow its leftover†. It means that the market is so volatile that a company to be successful, it has to do a lot of investment in R&D to be able to compete and drive product innovation which will eventually make the company stronger. HTC was late to the already crowded mobile market, which could make it a less familiar brand name. The company hardly had any patents, which means that they are bound to make high expenses on royalty payments to other companies. They were so used to selling custom ordered phones for niche market called prosumers and it could weaken the position of HTC due to high costs incurred by the company. Discuss HTC’s Operating systems (OS) strategy. Going forward, should it focus on Android or develop new directions? In 2009, the majority of Smartphones ran on one of five systems- Symbian, RIM’s Blackberry OS, Apple’s OS X, Microsoft’s Windows Mobile and Palm. Despite of the high market share, the operating system of Microsoft, Windows Mobile, shows more disadvantages then advantages for HTC corp. The view of Windows Mobile does not fit with HTC anymore. HTC want to be seen as a firm with high-quality innovative products with attractive designs and function, where as Windows Mobile is seen by as customers as unfriendly with unattractive design. The new Touch Diamond Smartphone of HTC received bad reviews because of Windows Mobile OS and its interface. In comparison, Google Android market is still young. Despite that it has no high market share yet, their share in the Smartphone OS platform market is likely to be doubled by end of 2010. Android phones contribute already more then a third of HTC’s total sale, so this can only benefit both companies in a positive way and Android has no license fee in comparison to Windows Mobile. Creating an own operating system is a good possibility too. Because of the increasing competition on smart phones, HTC needs to establish their brand name more then ever. With its high innovative power, it can create the right system that fits with the view of the company; focusing on a high quality product that is affordable. Because creating an own operating system has major costs, HTC needs to drop Windows Mobile OS and save the operating fees that it has to pay for Microsoft. Having said that, it has to really create an OS that is very different than others and it’s a very big challenge. HTC might anger Google if it decides to create its own operating system and might have to face some trouble. So, there are a lot of pluses and minuses from both sides. Below are some of the advantages and disadvantages of creating a new HTC operating system Advantages: †¢The company is highly innovative and the product designs are excellent and have already proven that it could move fast in the rapidly evolving mobile market. †¢Company embraces a culture of constantly experimenting with new ideas and technology. So an own Operating System fits the company, its culture and their competencies. †¢Owning an operating system will establish the brand name of HTC. Disadvantages: †¢It would cost a minimum of $200 million to develop a new OS; double what HTC spent in R&D. Cost is a major disadvantage of creating operating system. †¢The market for mobile OS is already very crowed. The HTC operating system will face severe competition. What are your recommendations for HTC to help it become the leading Smartphone company in the world? HTC has proved itself to be a good competitor in smartphone business and to become the leading smartphone company; it has to enter into developing countries like China and India where 3G networks has just opened up and hardly 5% of its total mobile market owns a smartphone. Geographically, Taiwan is so close to both the countries and since it has already built production and manufacturing facilities in China, it can really make a big difference in supply chain management. If it can come up with a wide variety of smartphones that is affordable by middle class people, it could make a huge difference in its revenue and profit margins. The immediate step to increase the sales would be to target the area where companies/customers are looking for alternatives. One of those target areas should be businesses professionals as currently the offering from RIM is receiving a big beating with its service and HTC could prove to be a better alternative for RIM if it could develop phones that could offer seamless service to customers by offering better compatibility to exchange, IM client and office integration apps. This will make them build a strong customer base and also help HTC to build its brand value in the market place. HTC should also target the niche market with producing smartphones with greater processor speeds, better camera, big screen phones, phones with touch screens, phones with qwerty keypads, phones with better integration with gaming devices like PlayStation, Xbox and Wii, good integration with social networking apps like Twitter, Facebook, Linked In et al. It could also partner with several companies and come up with hardware and software integration apps that are available as part of its OS but the same apps are available for a fee on other phones. An example would be to offer free voice enabled GPS system on every HTC phone by partnering with companies such as TomTom or Garmin and sharing revenue with them. This would create an edge for its products and will be a better alternative for other company phones.

The Tragedy Of Othello By William Shakespeare - 1600 Words

In The Tragedy of Othello, Shakespeare constructs the character of the war hero and â€Å"noble Moor,† whose sense of honor and justice is compromised and brings about his downfall. The story is set in the island of Cyprus, where war has broken out between Venice and the invading Turks. Othello is respected and his military skills coupled with a charismatic and self-reliant character made Desdemona fall in love with him. He measures his self-worth and honorability based on his valor and his treasured wife, who had rejected other nobleman to be with him, despite him being older and dark-skinned which were traits that were tragically used to undermine his reputation. The main antagonist in this play is Iago. His resentment for Othello comes from being passed over for a promotion and he swears his revenge. He makes Othello believe that his new wife innocent wife, Desdemona, committed adultery with his newly promoted officer Michael Cassio. His proceeding actions leads Othello to take his own life after his wife’s. . In Scene 2 of Act 5, Othello claims, â€Å"For naught I did in hate, but all in honour.† Shakespeare shows that it is not the action Othello takes, but his inner nature that plays the compromising role of honor. Gender roles take on a significant part in defining honor through the play. For men, military exploits were one of the main criteria, along with trustworthiness and integrity in morality and financial matters. But outside the context of war, the primary means byShow MoreRelatedThe Tragedy Of Othello By William Shakespeare757 Words   |  4 Pages The Tragedy of Othello by William Shakespeare William Shakespeare uses many literary devices to enhance and provide greater complexity in his works. More specifically, the theme, symbolism, and dramatic irony are used to enrich Shakespeare’s The Tragedy of Othello. The plot is definitely engaging but the theme allows for an universal human correspondence, furthering the depth of the author’s message. The element of symbolism contributes to the theme of Shakespeare’s tragedy. Symbolism expressesRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Othello By William Shakespeare938 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Tragedy of Othello† is commonly considered one of Shakespeare s greatest tragedies and one of his finest works. In this play we see many literary devices at work. Several of these devices are involved in Iago’s deceitful plot against Othello that creates much suspense for the duration of the play. In â€Å"The Tragedy of Othello,† William Shakespeare uses symbolism, irony, and tone to create this classic drama . Symbols are central to understanding â€Å"Othello† as a play. There are two significantRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Othello By William Shakespeare Essay1537 Words   |  7 PagesDrake Usher Ms. Zamanis Honors English II March 18, 2016 Othello Essay â€Å"The Tragedy of Othello,† by William Shakespeare, is about the tragic downfall of a once great man named Othello by the manipulation of Iago, the antagonist of the story. However, a deeper meaning of Othello could be â€Å"[It] is a tragedy of incomprehension, not at the level on intrigue but at the deepest level of human dealings. No one in Othello come to understand himself or anyone else.† It is debated on whether or not this isRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Othello By William Shakespeare Essay1418 Words   |  6 Pagesentertainment through their literature since the first known published work. However, for many centuries the writer has also been seen to have a diagnostic function, scrutinizing the ills of their society and portraying them for the world to see. William Shakespeare, 1564-1616, was an English playwright, poet and actor, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world s most distinguished dramatist. His surviving works, incl uding some collaborations, consist of about 38 playsRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Othello By William Shakespeare1141 Words   |  5 Pages2 Hr 16 December 2014 Othello Essay The Tragedy of Othello The renowned play of Othello was written by William Shakespeare in the 17th century. The drama follows the life of Othello, a well-respected and admired Venetian general, and the lie he gets tangled up in. Othello is deceived by his â€Å"trustworthy† friend, Iago, who confidently convinces Othello that his honest wife, Desdemona, committed infidelity upon him with his honorable lieutenant, Cassio. At the start, Othello doesn’t quite believe IagoRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Othello By William Shakespeare1737 Words   |  7 PagesThe Tragedy of Othello the: Moor of Venice was written by William Shakespeare, and it is only one of countless notable plays he wrote. A reoccurring theme in Othello is jealousy brought on usually by deception; throughout the play people often hide their true intentions and are not always what they appear to be like W.H Auden said â€Å"There s always another story. There s more than meets the eye.† The relationships Iago built on manipulatio n, lies, and false promises were a crucial part of the play;Read MoreThe Tragedy Of Othello By William Shakespeare998 Words   |  4 Pages The Tragedy of Othello: The Moor of Venice is William Shakespeare’s play, written around sixteen hundreds. The Tragedy of Othello is not just a story of jealousy; this is a tragedy of the clash of two worlds. One of them is a world of absolute cynic, manipulate or Iago; the second world is the world of all the other characters in the tragedy, including, possibly, even Othello. Even though both of the main male characters, Iago and Othello, are murderers, they have different types of charactersRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Othello By William Shakespeare864 Words   |  4 PagesIn the play The Tragedy of Othello, The Moor of Venice by William Shakespeare, Emilia is portrayed as a women who doesn’t have enough self-confidence. She does many awful misdeeds to please her husband, and hopes that he will give her some affection. She just want to make her husband happy. Emilia betrayed her lady Desdemona, because Lago asked for her handkerchief for a while and since she just dropp ed it, suddenly, Emilia thought that this was her opportunity to quickly grab it and make LagoRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Othello By William Shakespeare1133 Words   |  5 PagesThe Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice, is a play written by William Shakespeare between 1601 and 1604 in England. Shakespeare is a legendary author, poet, and play writer. He has wrote many plays like Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, Macbeth, and King Lear Othello is about a black general by the name of Othello who is desperately in love with a young woman named Desdemona. They marry and attempt to build a life together, even though Othello is way older than she is, he’s black, and did not come fromRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Othello By William Shakespeare1854 Words   |  8 PagesThe play â€Å"The Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice† by William Shakespeare is often listed among the greatest stories of tragedies which explores numerous controversial topics including Inter-racial marriage, racism, j ealousy and revenge. While the titular character Othello is the protagonist of the story and definitely does occupy a large part of the play, the real focus of the play is on the ‘ingenuous’ Iago who makes everyone dance on his fingers and successfully manipulates them. The â€Å"Honest†