Admiral David Dixon Porter in the Civil War

Chief of naval operations David Dixon Porter in the Civil War David Dixon Porter - Early Life: Conceived at Chester, PA on June 8, 1813, David Dixon Porter was the child of Commodore David Porter and his significant other Evalina. Delivering ten kids, the Porters had likewise embraced the youthful James (later David) Glasgow Farragut in 1808 after the young men mother had supported Porters father. A saint of the War of 1812, Commodore Porter left the US Navy in 1824 and after two years acknowledged order of the Mexican Navy. Voyaging south with his dad, youthful David Dixon was designated a sailor and saw administration on board a few Mexican vessels. David Dixon Porter - Joining the US Navy: In 1828, Porter cruised on board the brig Guerrero (22 weapons) to assault Spanish transportation off Cuba. Directed by his cousin, David Henry Porter, Guerrero was caught by the Spanish frigate Lealtad (64). In the activity, the senior Porter was murdered and a while later David Dixon was taken to Havana as a prisoner. Before long traded, he came back to his dad in Mexico. Reluctant to additionally chance his children life, Commodore Porter sent him back to the United States where his granddad, Congressman William Anderson, had the option to make sure about him a midshipmans warrant in the US Navy on February 2, 1829. David Dixon Porter - Early Career: Because of his time in Mexico, the youthful Porter had more understanding than a significant number of his sailor peers and the lesser officials above him. This reproduced a recklessness and pomposity than prompted conflicts with his bosses. In spite of the fact that about excused from the administration, he demonstrated a proficient sailor. In June 1832, he cruised on board the leader of Commodore David Patterson, USS United States. For the voyage, Patterson had set out his family and Porter before long started seeking his girl, George Ann. Coming back to the United States, he finished his lieutenants test in June 1835. David Dixon Porter - Mexican-American War: Alloted to the Coast Survey, he spared adequate assets to permit him to wed George Ann in March 1839.â The couple would at last have six youngsters, four children and two little girls, that made due to adulthood. Elevated to lieutenant in March 1841, he quickly served in the Mediterranean before being requested to the Hydrographic Office. In 1846, Porter was dispatched on a mystery strategic the Republic of Santo Domingo to survey the new countries steadiness and to scout areas for a maritime base around the Bay of Semana. Returning in June, he discovered that the Mexican-American War had started. Relegated as the principal lieutenant of the sidewheel gunboat USS Spitfire, Porter served under Commander Josiah Tattnall. Working in the Gulf of Mexico, Spitfire was available during the arrival of Major General Winfield Scotts armed force in March 1847. With the military getting ready to lay attack to Veracruz, Commodore Matthew Perrys armada moved to assault the citys toward the ocean resistances. Knowing the zone from his days in Mexico, the evening of March 22/23 Porter took a little vessel and mapped a channel into the harbor. The following morning, Spitfire and a few different vessels utilized Porters channel to run into the harbor to assault the protections. Despite the fact that this disregarded requests that Perry had given, he acclaimed his subordinates intensity. That June, Porter participated in Perrys assault on Tabasco. Driving a unit of mariners, he prevailing with regards to catching one of the posts safeguarding the town. In remuneration, he was provided order of Spitfire for the rest of the war. In spite of the fact that his first order, he considered little to be activity as the war moved inland. Looking to improve his insight into rising steam innovation, he disappeared from nonappearance in 1849 and instructed a few mail liners. Returning in 1855, he was provided order of the storeship USS Supply. This obligation saw him utilized in a plan to carry camels to the US for use by the US Army in the Southwest. Coming aground in 1857, Porter held a few situations before being selected to the Coast Survey in 1861. David Dixon Porter - Civil War: Before Porter could leave, the Civil War started. Drawn nearer by Secretary of State William Seward and Captain Montgomery Meigs, US Army, Porter was provided order USS Powhatan (16) and dispatched on a mystery strategic fortify Fort Pickens at Pensacola, FL. This crucial a triumph and was an illustrative demonstration of his dependability to the Union. Elevated to administrator on April 22, he was sent to bar the mouth of the Mississippi River. That November, he started supporting for an assault on New Orleans. This pushed ahead the accompanying spring with Farragut, presently a banner official, in order. Appended to his cultivate siblings group, Porter was set in order of a flotilla of mortar pontoons. Pushing forward on April 18, 1862, Porters mortars barraged Forts Jackson and St. Philip. Despite the fact that he accepted that two days of terminating would lessen the two works, little harm was caused after five. Reluctant to stand by any more, Farragut ran past the fortresses on April 24 and caught the city. Staying by the fortifications, Porter constrained their acquiescence on April 28. Moving upstream, he helped Farragut in assaulting Vicksburg before being requested east in July. David Dixon Porter - Mississippi River: His arrival toward the East Coast demonstrated brief as he was before long elevated straightforwardly to raise chief of naval operations and put in order of the Mississippi River Squadron that October. Taking order, he was entrusted with helping Major General John McClernand in opening the upper Mississippi. Moving south, they were joined by troops drove by Major General William T. Sherman. In spite of the fact that Porter came to loathe McClernand, he shaped a solid, enduring companionship with Sherman. At McClernands course, the power assaulted and caught Fort Hindman (Arkansas Post) in January 1863. Joining with Major General Ulysses S. Award, Porter was next entrusted with supporting Union activities against Vicksburg. Working intimately with Grant, Porter prevailing with regards to running the vast majority of his armada past Vicksburg the evening of April 16. Six evenings later he ran an armada of transports past the citys weapons also. Having collected an enormous maritime power south of the city, he had the option to move and bolster Grants tasks against Grand Gulf and Bruinsburg. As the battle advanced, Porters gunboats guaranteed that Vicksburg stayed cut off from support by water. David Dixon Porter - Red River the North Atlantic: With the citys fall on July 4, Porters group started watches of the Mississippi until being requested to help Major General Nathaniel Banks Red River Expedition. Starting in March 1864, the undertaking demonstrated fruitless and Porter was lucky to extricate his armada from the waterways retreating waters. On October 12, Porter was requested east to assume responsibility for the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron. Requested to close the port of Wilmington, NC, he moved soldiers under Major General Benjamin Butler to assault Fort Fisher that December. The assault demonstrated a disappointment when Butler indicated an absence of resolve. Angry, Porter returned north and mentioned an alternate leader from Grant. Coming back to Fort Fisher with troops drove by Major General Alfred Terry, the two men caught the stronghold in the Second Battle of Fort Fisher in January 1865. David Dixon Porter - Later Life: With the finish of the war, the US Navy was quickly cut back. With less maritime orders accessible, Porter was named Superintendent of the Naval Academy in September 1865. While there, he was elevated to bad habit chief naval officer and set out on an aggressive crusade to modernize and change the institute to make it the adversary of West Point. Leaving in 1869, he quickly instructed Secretary with respect to the Navy Adolph E. Borie, a beginner in maritime undertakings, until his substitution by George M. Robeson. With Admiral Farraguts demise in 1870, Porter accepted that he ought to be elevated to fill the opening. This occurred, yet simply after an extended battle with his political foes. Throughout the following twenty years, Porter was progressively expelled from the US Navys activities. Subsequent to investing a lot of this energy composing, he passed on at Washington, DC on February 13, 1890. Following his memorial service, he was covered at Arlington National Cemetery. Chosen Sources CWPT: David D. PorterArlington Cemetery: David D. Watchman

4 Tips for Writing a Great UIUC Essay

4 Tips for Writing a Great UIUC Essay SAT/ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Considering going to the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign? At that point you've gone to the correct spot. For this profoundly positioned government funded school, you'll have to present an individual explanation with your application. However, what would it be advisable for you to remember for your UIUC exposition to make you stick out? Peruse on to realize what the current UIUC article brief is and how to compose an incredible UIUC paper. We likewise show you a genuine UIUC article guide to give you a thought of whata extraordinary proclamation resembles. Highlight Image: Adam Jones/Flickr What Is the UIUC Essay? All candidates must think of one UIUC exposition on the significant they've picked and clarify why they are keen on this specific major or potentially field of study. You will get only one exposition brief (dislike theCommon App article, which offers you a few prompts to browse). Here is this year’s brief for the UIUC exposition: Clarify your enthusiasm for the significant you chose and depict how you have as of late investigated or built up this enthusiasm inside as well as outside the homeroom. You may likewise clarify how this major identifies with your future profession objectives. In case you're applying to the Division of General Studies, clarify your scholastic advantages and qualities or your future vocation objectives. You may incorporate any majors or territories of study you're presently considering. On the off chance that you’ve demonstrated on your UIUC application a subsequent option major, at that point you should present another exposition on this major as well.The brief for this essayis equivalent to the one above-you simply need to compose on the other significant you've picked and clarify why you're keen on it. In the event that you don't put during a time major on your application,you just need to think of one UIUC article. The UIUC paper must be 300-400 words in length,making it somewhat shorter than your regular school article, which is generally 500-600 words in length. Step by step instructions to Write the UIUC Essay: Topics and Tips The University of Illinois article is a significant piece of your application since it’s the main individual exposition you’ll compose for the school. This makes it theonly region on the UIUC application in which you can flaunt your character, scholastic enthusiasm, and narrating abilities. The general purpose of this announcement is for UIUC to become familiar with you as an individual and why you're keen on the major you’ve chose. Despite the fact that the UIUC article brief above may look overwhelming, the inquiries it pose are in reality entirely basic. The three fundamental pieces of this brief are as per the following: What is the significant you've chosen? How could you build up an enthusiasm for this major/field? What energizes you about it? How would you intend to make a profession out of this major/field? You could expound on how you built up this enthusiasm through school (e.g., you took a class in sea life science) or outside school (e.g., you partook in a sea life science club). In your UIUC exposition, you should concentrate on your responsibility to the field you’ve picked to study, taking consideration to address the past, present, and future-in other words,how you built up this intrigue, how it as of now considers along with your life, and what you intend to do with it later on. UIUC is truly clear about what it’s searching for in this article. Truth be told, the official University of Illinois site offers candidates six key tips on the most proficient method to move toward the UIUC article: Be paramount Be readied Act naturally Be engaged Be present Be proficient Also, UIUC has a YouTube arrangement on confirmations advising that remembers some helpful recordings with tips for how you can compose a powerful UIUC exposition: Presently at that point, what are some potential subjects you could expound on in your UIUC article? Here are only a couple of models: A particular (positive) encounter you had, either in or outside school, with the field you intend to study. Example:You suddenly chose to enter a science reasonable, which helped you understand you have an enthusiasm for developing things. A particular individual, for example, an educator, parent, or companion, who acquainted the field with you. Model: Your sophomore English instructor urged you to attempt the National Novel Writing Month occasion, which promoted your enthusiasm for experimental writing. The top notch you took in the field, why you decided to take this class (on the off chance that you decided to take it), and how taking it enlivened you to keep considering the field. Model: After takinga cooking class first year, you started to develop progressively intrigued infood science, driving you toread up on the theme in your extra time and start a cooking blog. A club/action you did that acquainted you with the field or permitted you to get familiar with it. Model: You joined your school’s Spanish club trying to raise your evaluation, however in the wake of making a couple of dear companions through the club, you began to acknowledge the amount you really delighted in the test of conveying in Spanish. How you weren't at first keen on the field however bit by bit got inspired by it because of the impact of a particular individual, a book you read, a discourse you heard, etc. Model: You constantly disdained advertisements, however in the wake of seeing an especially amusing promotion one day, you chose to look more into how this promotion was made and why it was so fruitful in drawingviewers; presently, you need to study publicizing. As you compose the UIUC paper, make a point to associate your subject to the now.Simply put, what are you as of now doing to become familiar with this field and to keep it a functioning piece of your life? For instance, possibly you intend to study English and now follow an inflexible timetable of writing in a diary consistently, in any event, when you truly don’t want to compose or you don't have anything fascinating to state. Moreover, attempt to examine your future with your proposed major. Ask yourself: what do you would like to do expertly with this major? Do you have a fantasy employment or vocation at the top of the priority list? In what manner will this significant assist you with accomplishing your expert objectives? By what means will UIUC explicitly help you? Consider how potential classes; scholastic, proficient, or extracurricular chances; and projects at UIUC could encourage yourfuture objectives in the field. For example, on the off chance that you need to study math, you could make reference to in your UIUC article how you’re keen on taking an interest in the few math challenges accessible at the college, and how you feel these occasions will help intellectually set you up to seek after a propelled math degree. At last, similarly as with any school paper, there are a couple of things you ought to completely abstain from doing in your UIUC exposition: Concentrating an excessive amount of on the past: While it’s OK to make reference to your youth, particularly in the event that you built up your scholarly intrigue right off the bat throughout everyday life, UIUC needs to find out about you now, as a promising youthful grown-up, than it does you as a just interested child. Such a large number of negatives: It’s impeccably fine (and expected) to have confronted difficulties in the field you’ve picked and in life by and large. Simply make certain to puta positive turn on your subject with the goal that you go over develop, shrewd, and objective situated. A Real UIUC Essay Example + Analysis To help give you a superior thought of what your own UIUC article could resemble, here is one genuine UIUC exposition model we discovered on the web, composed by a conceded understudy. Note that this exposition reacts to a marginally extraordinary brief (however it's still quite like the current UIUC paper brief) and has a somewhat shorter word cutoff of 300 rather than 400 words. Here is the brief: In an article of 300 words or less, if it's not too much trouble examine your scholastic advantages as well as expert objectives. What's more, here is the article: As a senior in secondary school, I trust I have my brain set on how I need my life to follow I move on from Bloom Trail High School and proceed onward to this present reality. While going to the college I had always wanted, I will consider science while taking pre-prescription classes. A while later, I will go to clinical school and study to turn into an obstetrician. I have an enthusiasm for contemplating science while in school. After my science praises class first year, I have consistently had an enthusiasm for the investigation of life. The units that I cherished finding out about the most were proliferation and the human body. The two struck my inclinations the most in the class, and even impacted me to take AP Biology my senior year and choose to study science in school. I likewise have an enthusiasm for math, which has been my best subject in school for whatever length of time that I can recall. In contrast to most, math comes simple to me and since it is all around utilized wherever for everything, it is presumably perhaps the best ability, interests, and resources. My own vocation objective in life is to turn into an obstetrician. I have an adoration for infants and I feel this would be the most remunerating vocation I could have. I likewise couldn't imagine anything better than to return to the Chicagoland zone where I was brought up to support pregnant ladies and their infants have a protected and sound way of life previously, during, and after birth. I will probably help individuals in my locale. I will feel achieved with my life as long as I help other people. Regardless of whether I just effectively help one lady and her family, I would be happy with myself for eternity. Source What Makes This UIUC Essay Work? It's reasonable, centered, and simple to follow:The candidate doesn’t hesitate and comes to the heart of the matter by disclosing their craving to contemplate science and take pre-medications classes at the University of Illinois. We likewise learn toward the beginning that they need to turn into an obstetrician; this encourages us monitor the bearing of the paper. Word decision isconsistently clearas well, making the exposition both relatable and straightforward. It’s brimming with passion:This UIUC paper centers around how the candidate built up a solid enthusiasm for science, math, and pre-medications, and it makes an awesome showing underlining their energy for these fields. We figure out how they got intrigued with the human body and built up a craving to help other people, explicitly w

How Marijuana Use Impairs Learning and Social Skills

How Marijuana Use Impairs Learning and Social Skills Addiction Drug Use Marijuana Print Heavy Marijuana Use Affects Learning and Social Skills Strong Link Found to Marijuana and Lowered Intellect Levels By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on March 03, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on July 23, 2019 Chris Hondros Collection/Getty Images More in Addiction Drug Use Marijuana Cocaine Heroin Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Opioids Prescription Medications Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Numerous scientific research studies have shown that heavy marijuana use can negatively affect a persons learning abilities and social skills.?? The studies suggest that a person who smokes marijuana every day may be functioning at a reduced intellectual level even during periods of brief abstinence.?? The upside is after four weeks of quitting the drug, in most cases, people who had used marijuana for long periods of time could recover their cognitive abilities. Although, there is some evidence to the contrary for children under the age of 18. What the Research Says The National Institute on Drug Abuse  (NIDA) looked at 11 scientific research studies and concluded that heavy marijuana use, which is defined as smoking marijuana 27 days in 30 days, has a significant impact on persons ability to learn, remember what they learned, and function in society. General Effects of Heavy Marijuana Use According to the  research results, heavy marijuana use revealed a link to several problems in personality and memory. The potential link to depression, anxiety, and personality disorders.??Decrease the ability to learn and remember information, making it more likely to fall behind the norm on developing intellectual, job, and social skills.??Dampened the ability to remember and learn for days and weeks after abstinence from marijuana use.?? Marijuana Myths, Facts, and Treatments Effects of Daily Marijuana Use on Students The research results of daily marijuana use by students also showed problems in focus, scholastic performance, and memory.?? Students were getting lower grades and becoming less likely to graduate, compared to students who did not use marijuana.Students had significantly impaired skills related to attention, memory and learning even after not using marijuana for 24 hours.Students had problems in sustaining and shifting attention.Students had problems with the ability to register, organize and use information, even compared to occasional users of marijuana.Students had an impaired ability to recall words from a list a week after quitting marijuana use. Effects on Work Performance Findings from the  research of heavy marijuana users in the workplace showed problems in absences, tardiness, accidents, and cognitive abilities.?? People in the workplace who used marijuana were more likely to experience increased absences (75 percent), tardiness, accidents, workers compensation claims, and job turnover.People in the workplace who tested positive for marijuana use had 55 percent more industrial accidents and 85 percent more injuries compared to non-marijuana users.??Heavy marijuana abusers self-report that their use of the drug had negative effects on their cognitive abilities, career status, social life, and physical and mental health.? Consequences of Early Marijuana Use A persons brain is still developing up until the early 20s. Experts agree that the later someone begins using marijuana the better.?? A Duke University study found that children who smoke marijuana at least weekly before age 18 displayed lasting harm to their intelligence, attention, and memory compared with those who began using marijuana after age 18.?? The study also found that, unlike adults, quitting marijuana use did not entirely reverse the cognitive damaged caused by regular marijuana use. How Long Does Marijuana Stay In Your System?

The Geography of Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka is a large island nation located off of Indias southeast coast. Until 1972, it was formally known as Ceylon, but today it is officially called the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka. The country has a long history filled with instability and conflict between ethnic groups. Recently though, relative stability has been restored and Sri Lankas economy is growing. Fast Facts: Sri Lanka Official Name: Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri LankaCapital: Colombo (commercial capital); Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte (legislative capital)Population: 22,576,592  (2018)Official Language: SinhalaCurrency: Sri Lankan rupees (LKR)Form of Government: Presidential republicClimate: Tropical monsoon; northeast monsoon (December to March); southwest monsoon (June to October)Total Area: 25,332 square miles (65,610 square kilometers)Highest Point: Pidurutalagala at 8,281 feet (2,524 meters)Lowest Point: Indian Ocean at 0 feet (0 meters) Sri Lankas History It is believed that the origins of human inhabitation in Sri Lanka began in the sixth century BCE when the Sinhalese migrated to the island from India. Around 300 years later, Buddhism spread to Sri Lanka, which led to highly organized Sinhalese settlements in the northern portion of the island from 200 BCE to 1200 CE. Following this period were invasions from southern India, which caused the Sinhalese to migrate south. In addition to early settlement by the Sinhalese, Sri Lanka was inhabited between the third century BCE and 1200 CE by the Tamils, who are the second-largest ethnic group on the island. The Tamils, who are predominantly Hindu, migrated to Sri Lanka from the Tamil region of India. During the early settlement of the island, Sinhalese and Tamil rulers frequently fought for dominance over the island. This led to the Tamils claiming the northern part of the island and the Sinhalese controlling the south to which they migrated. European inhabitation of Sri Lanka began in 1505 when Portuguese traders landed on the island in search of various spices, took control of the islands coast, and began to spread Catholicism. In 1658, the Dutch took over Sri Lanka but the British took control in 1796. After establishing settlements in Sri Lanka, the British then defeated the king of Kandy to formally take control of the island in 1815 and created the Crown Colony of Ceylon. During British rule, Sri Lankas economy was based mainly on tea, rubber, and coconuts. In 1931, however, the British granted Ceylon limited self-rule, which eventually led to it becoming a self-governing dominion of the Commonwealth of Nations on February 4, 1948. Following Sri Lankas independence in 1948, conflicts again arose between the Sinhalese and the Tamils when the Sinhalese took over majority control of the nation and stripped over 800,000 Tamils of their citizenship. Since then, there has been civil unrest in Sri Lanka and in 1983 a civil war began in which the Tamils demanded an independent northern state. The instability and violence continued through the 1990s and into the 2000s. By the late 2000s, changes in Sri Lankas government, pressure from international human rights organizations, and the murder of the opposition Tamil leader officially ended the years of instability and violence in Sri Lanka. Today, the country is working toward repairing ethnic divisions and unifying the country. Government of Sri Lanka Today, Sri Lankas government is considered a republic with a single legislative body consisting of a unicameral Parliament whose members are elected by popular vote. Sri Lankas executive body is made up of its chief of state and president—both of which are filled by the same person, who is elected by a popular vote for a six-year term. Sri Lankas most recent presidential election took place in January 2010. The judicial branch in Sri Lanka is composed of the Supreme Court and Court of Appeals, and the judges for each are elected by the president. Sri Lanka is officially divided into eight provinces. Sri Lankas Economy Sri Lankas economy today is mainly based on the service and industrial sector; however, agriculture plays an important role as well. The major industries in Sri Lanka include rubber processing, telecommunications, textiles, cement, petroleum refining, and the processing of agricultural products. Sri Lankas main agricultural exports include rice, sugarcane, tea, spices, grain, coconuts, beef, and fish. Tourism and the related services industries are also growing in Sri Lanka. Geography and Climate of Sri Lanka Overall, Sir Lanka has a varied terrain but it mainly consists of flatlands. The south-central portion of the countrys interior features mountain and steep-sided river canyons. The flatter regions are the areas where most of Sri Lankas agriculture takes place, aside from coconut farms along the coast. Sri Lankas climate is tropical and the southwestern part of the island is the wettest. Most of the rain in the southwest falls from April to June and October to November. The northeastern part of Sri Lanka is drier and most of its rain falls from December to February. Sri Lankas average yearly temperature is around 86 degrees to 91 degrees (28 °C to 31 °C). An important geographic note about Sri Lanka is its position in the Indian Ocean, which made it vulnerable to one of the worlds largest natural disasters. On December​ 26, 2004, it was struck by a  large tsunami that hit 12 Asian countries. Around 38,000 people in Sri Lanka were killed during this event and much of Sri Lankas coast was destroyed. More Facts about Sri Lanka †¢ The common ethnic groups in Sri Lanka are Sinhalese (74%), Tamil (9%), and Sri Lankan Moor (7%).†¢ Sri Lankas official languages are Sinhala and Tamil. Sources Central Intelligence Agency. CIA - The World Factbook -- Sri Lanka.Infoplease. Sri Lanka: History, Geography, Government, and Culture - Infoplease.com.United States Department of State. Sri Lanka.

Access to the Dome of the Rock Essay Example

Essays on Access to the Dome of the Rock Essay The paper "Access to the Dome of the Rock" is a wonderful example of an essay on tourism. Jerusalem is home to the world’s greatest sects, Judaism, Islam, and Christianity, for its famous structures including the Dome of the Rock. This paper embarks on discussing the current access to the Dome of the Rock, including its security measures. Initially, the paper will provide a short discussion of the significance of the site to various religious beliefs. Dome of the Rockâ€Å"Qubbat al-Sakhra,† commonly known as the Dome of the Rock or â€Å"Haram al-Sharif (Noble Sanctuary)† by Muslims, is a shrine built in the city of Jerusalem, specifically on a platform at the top of the Holy House or Mount Moriah (Islam and Al-Hamad 109). Although built on top of the most sacred site of Judaism, it is considered as Islam’s third holiest place (Blair 7). Mount Moriah, according to Jewish belief, is the exact location of Abraham’s sacrificial offering of his son Isaac, but according to the Islamic faith, it is where Mohammed ascended to heaven after a journey from Mecca and Jerusalem (â€Å"About Dome of the Rock† 6-7). Current AccessEveryone is allowed to visit, but for non-Muslims, the site is open only from Sundays to Thursdays, from seven to eleven o’clock in the morning and from 1:30 to 2:30 in the afternoon (â€Å"Noble Sanctuary: The Dome of the Rock† 11). Notably, non-Muslims can access only the Temple Mount (ramp to the right of Western Wall), and they are prohibited in the Dome of the Rock. On the other hand, only Muslims are allowed to enter the Dome of the Rock. Jews and Christians are permitted to visit the site as tourists, through the Mugrabi Gate (located above to the left of Western Wall plaza), but they are prohibited from making religious displays, singing and praying, even in silence (Booth and Eglash 10). Security measures are taken in place on the site as the freedom to access is enshrined as law. Visitors are required to wear a modest dress and bring the passport. Backpack or any items brought to the site will undergo ocular inspection by policemen before anyone can enter the Mount.ConclusionThe Dome of the Rock accounts as one of the holiest places on Earth. Only Muslims are granted full access to the site every day while non-Muslims, although allowed to visit as tourists from Sundays to Thursdays, are allowed only in the Temple Mount and banned in the Dome of the Rock. Security measures, such as passport and bag inspections by policemen, are put in place to secure the safety and reduce tension in the area.

Political Ideologies Free Essays

D. Sokolova 28/09/2011 On the topic of â€Å"Political Ideology† (Heywood 2003, p. 5) states: † ‘Ideology’ is consider a particular type of political thought, distinct from, say, political science or political philosophy. We will write a custom essay sample on Political Ideologies or any similar topic only for you Order Now † Ideology is a set of views and ideas that provides the theoretical basis to organize and rule community life, establish values, habits and perspectives. It demands the certain methods to be used for solving different social problems. As (MacKenzie, et al. 1994, p. 1) have noted, ideology † provides both an account of existing social and political relations and blueprint of how these relation ought to be organized. Beyond this general definition, however, the concept of ideology is notoriously difficult to get to grips with. It is loaded with a wide range of possible meanings, many of which are contradictory. † † The word ideology was coined during the French Revolution by Antoine Destutt de Tracy (1754-1836) , and was first used in public in 1796. For de Tracy, ideologue referred to a new ‘science of ideas’, literally an idea-ology. † (Heywood 2003, p. 6) De Tracy tried to find moral, ethic and political phenomena of basic consciousness and offer a logical explanation under one concept. For Marx and Engels ‘ideology’ (MacKenzie, et al. 994, p. 5) † is the role of changing historical conditions that is fundamental to the formation of ideas. † Rather, French philosopher Louis Pierre Althusser (MacKenzie, et al. 1994, p. 16) † insists upon the strict separation of ideology and science. Arguing against the traditional relationship betwe en ideology and truth†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He affirms that † ideology is the ‘cement’ that binds human societies together. † An Australian political theorist Minogue have noticed, that ideologies (MacKenzie,et al. 1994, p. 4) † create the false expectation in people’s minds that a perfect world is ultimately attainable. From this point of view,† ideologies are seen as abstract system of thought, sets on ideas that are destined to simplify and distort social reality because they claim to explain what is, frankly, incomprehensible. † The foremost modern exponent of this view was the British political philosopher Michael Oakeshott (1901-90)† , who has issued guideline, that † Ideology is thus equated with dogmatism : fixed on doctrinaire beliefs, that are divorced from the complexities of the real world. † (Heywood 2003, p. 10) † The birth of political ideologies can be traced back to the processes thought which the mod ern world came into existence. The process of modernization had social, political and cultural dimension. Socially, it was linked to the emergence of increasingly market-orientated and capitalist economies, dominated by new social classes, the middle class and the working class. Politically, it involved the replacement of monarchical absolutism by the advance of constitutional and, in due course, democratic government. Culturally, it took the form of spread of Enlightenment ideas and views, which challenged traditional beliefs in religion, politics and learning in general, based upon a commitment to the principles of reason and progress. The ‘core’ political ideologies, the ones out of which later ideologies emerged or developed in opposition to – liberalism, conservatism and socialism – reflected contrasting responses to the process of modernization. † (Heywood 2003,p. 21- 22) Main features distinguished them from each other are the following: Liberals, particularly during the Cold War period, have viewed ideology as an officially sanctioned belief system that claims a monopoly of truth, often through a spurious claim to be scientific. Ideology is therefore inherently repressive, even totalitarian. Conservatives have traditionally regarded ideology as manifestation of the arrogance of rationalism. Ideologies are elaborate system of thought that are dangerous or unreliable because, being abstracted from reality, they establish principles and goals that lead to repression or are simply unachievable. Socialists, following Marx, have seen ideology as a body of ideas that conceal the contradictions of class society, thereby promoting false consciousness and political passivity amongst subordinate classes†¦ Later Marxist adopted neutral concept of ideology, regarding it as the distinctive ideas of any social class, including the working class. Fascist are often dismissive of ideology as an over-systematic, dry and intellectualized form of political understanding that is based on mere reason rather than passion and the will. The Nazis preferred to portray their own ideas as a Weltanschaung or ‘world view’, not as systematic philosophy. Ecologists have tended to regard al conventional political doctrines as part of super-ideology of industrialism. Ideology is thus tainted by its association with arrogant humanism and growth-orientated economics-liberalism and socialism being its most obvious examples. Religious fundamentalists have treated key religious texts as ideology, on the grounds that, by expressing the revealed world of God, they provide a programme for comprehensive social reconstruction. (Heywood 2003, p. 15) It is recognizable, that the theory of ideology still has many different features. This view has been supported in the (Eccleshall 1984, p. 23) saying that â€Å"Ideology is the realm in which people clarify and justify their actions as they pursue divergent interests. † However, â€Å".. there is no settle or agreed definition of the term, only a collection of rival definitions. As David McLellan (1995) put it, ‘Ideology is the most elusive concept in the whole of social science’. † (Heywood 2003, p. 5) Bibliography 1. Heywood Andrew. Political ideologies: An introduction. 3rd edition. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003. 2. Eccleshall Robert, Geoghegan Vincent, Jay Richard, Kenny Michael, MacKenzie Iain and Wilford Rick. Political Ideologies: An introduction. 2nd edition. London: Routledge, 1994. 3. Eccleshall Robert, Geoghegan Vincent, Jay Richard and Rick Wilford. Political Ideologies: An Introduction Great Britain: Essex, 1984. How to cite Political Ideologies, Papers

Sand Dust Storm in China free essay sample

It carries as much as 875 metric tons of dust particles per cubic kilometre of air† (Dirks 2010, 392). 2. 2 Location Strong dust storms hit Xinjiang Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Hebei, Beijing, Hong Kong and Taiwan. (2010 China drought and dust storms 2010) 2. 3 When did it happen? It happened on March 22, 2010. (2010 China drought and dust storms 2010) 2. 4 What caused the event? Beijing meteorological offices director GuoHu said, â€Å"This influence of Beijings dust source is in Mongolia and in middle Inner Mongolia region. The dust was wafted from thousands of meters altitude by the conveying of strong winds. From the perspective of meteorology, this is unstoppable climate phenomena† (Xinhua NET 2010). 2. 5 What areas were affected? The other areas were affected where were â€Å"South Korea, North Korea and Japan by March 22, before being carried across the Pacific Ocean by the jet stream, with some dust reaching the West Coast of the United States† (2010 China drought and dust storms 2010). We will write a custom essay sample on Sand Dust Storm in China or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 3. 0 Effects and Damage of Sand Dust Storm 3. 1 Short and long term effects â€Å"The dust storm in late March spiralled around a strong low pressure system. Many areas recorded an extremely rare level 5 hazardous rating for air quality. Many flights in Beijing were also delayed or cancelled. Air pollution readings in Hong Kong reached a record high, reaching at least 15 times the recommended maximum levels by the World Health Organization. Taiwan also reported a new record for worst sandstorm conditions. A strong sandstorm tore through Turpan in Xinjiang on April 23, sparking fires that killed two people and forcing a shutdown of rail and road traffic for six hours† (2010 China drought and dust storms 2010). . 2 Extent of the Damage According to the news releases of the state forestry administration desertification monitoring centre of China on March 28 2010, Extent of the Damage of Sand Dust Storm affected 304 counties of 11 provinces and the air of 6 key cities was severely Polluted. The affected area is about 1. 20 square kilometres, the affected population is about 70 million people, and cultivated land area was affected more t han 6. 4 million hectares, garden area was more than 1. million hectares, grassland area was more than 65 million hectares. (2010 new composition in the exams preparation material: climate and environment 2010) 4. 0 Historic Records and Extent of effects of Sand Dust Storm 4. 1 Historic Records of Sand Dust Storm in Beijing Sand Dust Storm does not only appear in the present times, it has already appeared since ancient times. The Sand Dust Storm has appeared since 1425 in Beijing. It normally mainly appeared in Beijing from January to April in Chinese calendar. The probability is 83. 6%. It has appeared almost annually since 2000. (Dr. Mars 2010) 4. 2 Main damage ways of Sand Dust Storm Firstly it is the strong wind. The strong wind uses sand and dust to destroy buildings and public facilities and cause the casualties of people and livestock. Secondly it is sand buried. The wind-drift sand causes a lot of events they are farmland, channel, cottages, railway and pasture were sand bur ied, and especially cause serious threat for transportation. The third way is wind erosion, and the last way is air pollution. Dr. Mars 2010) 4. 3 Damage of Sand Dust Storm The sand dust storm mainly causes 5 results. They are ecological environment deterioration, damage of production and life, losses of lives and property, damage traffic safety and harm to human health. (Dr. Mars 2010) 5. 0 Prevention and Positive effects of Sand Dust Storm 5. 1 Causes of Sand Dust storm The causes of sand dust storm might be degeneration of grassland and vegetation and excessive reclamation. 5. 2 Prevention The Sand Dust Storm has not been prevented yet. Beijing meteorological offices director GuoHu said,† As long as the sediment sources exist, sandstorm will not disappear† (Xinhua NET 2010). 5. 3 Positive outcomes from the disaster Although there is much harm of sandstorm, but the whole process of sandstorm is a part of natural ecosystem. It can slow the damage of greenhouse effect and slow the acid rain or soil acidification. (TT Aixuan 2010) 6. 0 The End Conclusion The sand dust storm is caused by degeneration of grassland and vegetation and excessive reclamation. Although it is a part of natural ecosystem, it causes lots of damages like: ecological environment deterioration, damage of production and life, losses of lives and property, damage traffic safety and harm to human health. We should try to prevent it with the ways like establish forecast system of sandstorm and improve environmental governance and environmental protection. Recommendations From this research report, we can find a nature rule that is if human cannot protect earth and make the ecological balance ourselves; earth will use its own way to make the balance. But here is a problem that is normally the method of earth uses is more harmful for human than our own way. Reference list 2010 China drought and dust storms. 2010. Wikipedia. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/2010_China_drought_and_dust_storms#cite_note-21 (accessed November 24, 2010). 2010 new composition in the exams preparation material: climate and environment. 2010. http://peng99. com/zuowen/Article/2852_2. shtml (accessed November 25, 2010). Coenraads, R. 2006. Natural disasters and how we cope. Victoria: The Five Mile Press. Dirks, A. 2010. Dust storm in The World Book Encyclopedia. Vol. 5. Chicago: World Book. Dirks, A. 2010. Sandstorm in The World Book Encyclopedia. Vol. 17. Chicago: World Book. Dr. Mars. 2010. Beijing sand dust storm. http://baike. baidu. com/view/3381041. htm (accessed November 26, 2010). TT Aixuan. 2010. Sand duststorm. Bai Du Encyclopedia. http://baike. baidu. com/view/2097. htm (accessed November 24, 2010). Xinhua NET. 2010. Meteorological experts: as long as the sediment sources exist, Beijing sandstorms will not disappear. http://news. sina. com. cn/c/2010-03-20/114119905302. shtml (accessed November 26, 2010).